Sentences with phrase «produced signaling molecules»

When the PBRM1 gene was knocked out in experiments, the melanoma cells became more sensitive to interferon - gamma produced by T cells, and in response produced signaling molecules that recruited more tumor - fighting T cells into the tumor.

When dosed with the drugs, these neurons, which produce the signaling molecule dopamine, let positively charged ions leave the cell, thereby damping the cells» hyperactive firing.

One study showed that ovarian tumors produce a signaling molecule that serves to attract regulatory T cells, a subclass of adaptive immune cells responsible for quieting other T cells.

Not exact matches

Rather than just being a passive bridge between you and your baby, the placenta also produces hormones and signaling molecules, such as human placental lactogen (HPL), relaxin, oxytocin, progesterone and estrogen, which are necessary for both of you during pregnancy.

Using small - molecule inhibitors to eliminate the activity of the proteins produced by the bird - specific, median signaling zone in chicken embryos, the researchers were able to induce the ancestral molecular activity and the ancestral anatomy.

In bird eyes, suitable radicals are believed to be generated within cryptochrome, a light - absorbing protein that produces an as - yet - unidentified signaling molecule in a quantity determined by the field direction, resulting in an avian magnetic compass.

Once these alarm signals reach the surfaces of blood vessels lining the brain, the microglia produce a neurotoxic molecule called interleukin - 1 beta.

The team concludes that these signals are generated by speeding electrons produced when cosmic rays collide with molecules in the air (Physical Review Letters, DOI: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.105.151101).

Her team discovered that stem cells take up calcium phosphate to produce ATP, a metabolic molecule, which then breaks down into adenosine and signals the stem cells to become osteoblasts.

In what Grashorn calls a «serendipitous discovery», his team has worked out that these signals are generated by speeding electrons produced when cosmic rays collide with molecules in the air.

The research team demonstrated that even when produced directly in cells, this molecule still prevents the HIF - 1 signalling and the associated adaptation to hypoxia in these cells.

But if all the molecules can be clustered among the gold nanoparticles, they will produce a very strong Raman signal.

Because Zika typically has trouble establishing infections in mice, the researchers used animals that were genetically altered so that they could not produce interferon, a key immune system signaling molecule, thus dampening the animals» immune response to the virus.

Cytokines can reach the brain several ways: directly through the blood - brain barrier or indirectly by binding to nerve fibers elsewhere, which send signals to the brain to produce the inflammation molecules.

Gram - negative bacteria produce molecules called lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that are potent activators of innate immune signaling.

Moreover, small amounts of singlet oxygen produced during metabolic reactions can act as a local signaling factor that oxidizes and modifies target molecules, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Nucleic acids in the purified sample bind to those on the array, producing a signal — typically a fluorescent molecule.

During the 2008 relapse, the researchers found that immune cells in tissues with active colitis produced large quantities of an inflammatory signaling molecule named interluekin - 17 (IL - 17), but very little IL - 22, the latter of which has been linked to wound healing and mucus production.

When the team added TGF - β1 to cells lacking FOX01, the cells behaved normally and produced the proper suite of molecules needed for healing, indicating that FOX01 acts upstream of TGF - β1 in the signaling pathway triggered during the healing process.

IL - 6 is a cytokine, a signal molecule that is produced and secreted both by immune cells and by tumor cells and binds specifically to a receptor (IL - 6R) that is found on the surfaces of many cell types.

Researchers from the IceCube project will place a string of Digital Optical Modules into this hole, which can detect the faint signal produced on the rare occasion when a neutrino collides directly with the nucleus of an atom in a molecule of ice.

The types can be distinguished by the molecules they produce, but scientists haven't had a full picture of how they interact with each other as signals move through the sensory cortex.

In addition, because many of the deadlier spider venoms produce their toxic effects by overstimulating the production of brain signaling molecules, this research may uncover novel tools for neuroscience research.

Autoinducers (chemical signaling molecules that produce more of themselves inside the cell) control the switch that turns the light genes off and on.

But it does allow researchers to use a single - stranded «reporter» molecule with the CRISPR - Cas12a protein, which produces an unambiguous fluorescent signal when Cas12a has found its target.

Humans respond to cold in two ways: we shiver to produce a quick burst of heat, and as Ajay Chawla at the University of California, San Francisco, recently discovered, immune signals get sent to molecules called macrophages.

The researchers found the identical mixture of sensory interneurons developed when they added the same signaling molecules to induced pluripotent stem cells, which are produced by reprogramming a patient's own mature cells such as skin cells.

Earth's ozone layer, 10 kilometres above the surface, is produced when light from the Sun interacts with molecules of oxygen in our atmosphere, and it produces an unmistakable signal that could be detected by JWST.

The team, led by Ashleigh Theberge, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, will create new analytical chemistry and engineering tools that pull out key molecules from a mix of molecular noise in order to selectively «listen» to molecular signals produced by specific fungi, bacteria, or human cells.

Symmetric molecules are easier for the computer to align, and large particles produce greater signal intensity.

He developed an innovative microdialysis approach that allows the in vivo sampling of lipid signaling molecules in the brain (including endocannabinoids) and has demonstrated that voluntary self - administration of ethanol, heroin, and cocaine produces distinct drug - and region - specific changes in brain endocannabinoid levels.

«Tumor cells without beta - catenin produce an immune - signaling molecule known as CCL4, which attracts CD103 + dendritic cells.

These symptoms are the result of the loss of specialized cells in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that specialize in producing the chemical signal - molecule dopamine and are responsible for turning off excess firing of neurons that control muscles.

In models lacking NLRX1, innate immune cells called macrophages produce higher levels of IL - 6, a signaling molecule that has a central role in colorectal cancer development.

Nevertheless, our data suggest that GBP2 is the major signaling molecule produced in the fat body that regulates ILP secretion from the insulin - producing cells, with GBP1 playing a secondary role.

As organs develop, growth factors and other signaling molecules often are produced from clusters of specialized cells called signaling centers.

But in reality, it is a molecule which is naturally produced by the human body to aid communication between the cells by transmitting signals.

As I illustrated above, arachidonic acid is processed by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) to produce pro-inflammatory signaling molecules called eicosanoids, including leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

Genetic analysis revealed that Clostridia caused innate immune cells to produce high levels of interleukin - 22 (IL - 22), a signaling molecule known to decrease the permeability of the intestinal lining.

Moreover, the idea that the brain was isolated from immune reactions was challenged long ago by insights about microglia cells, a type of macrophage which resides in the brain, engulfs antigens, and produces pro-inflammatory signaling molecules called cytokines.