Sentences with phrase «produced with an atom»

Not exact matches

Parmenides and Zeno produced Democritus with his atoms, and after twenty centuries Dalton, Lobachewsky, Planck, and others began to find something like the right way to conceive the smaller active constituents.

It is by virtue of their physical properties that electrons and other particles combine in different ways to produce atoms, and so it is with atoms that find themselves in juxtaposition and then combine to produce molecules.

The reaction (and the subsequent annihilation of the positron when it collides with a negatively charged electron) produces a stable carbon - 13 atom and two gamma rays with a very particular energy — often used to detect cosmic rays.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

Two solids made of the same elements but with different geometric arrangements of the atoms, or crystal phases, can produce materials with different properties.

Carefully tuned in the laboratory, these coatings can produce a bright, solid pink — or, say, a vivid blue — using the same two metals, applied with only a few atoms» difference in thickness.

The first mechanism suggests hydrogen (H) atoms each associate with only oxygen (O) atoms to produce only OH species on the surface.

When the metal is bent or stressed, planes of atoms in the grains slide past one another, sometimes causing crystalline defects to connect with each other — producing fractures.

One of the ways to find the neutral particles is to wait for the extremely rare occasions when they collide with intact atoms, producing a shower of charged particles.

In one project published recently in the journal Macromolecules, the Lipomi lab discovered that polymers with strings of seven carbon atoms attached produce exactly the right balance of stretchability and functionality.

They occur when charged space particles, typically from the sun, stream along a planet's magnetic field lines and interact with atmospheric atoms, producing not only optical light but also radio emissions.

For example, bombarding a piece of aluminum foil with a beam of protons can produce silicon atoms.

The highly reactive radical, Cl •, then abstracts a hydrogen atom of CH4 to give methyl radicals, CH3 •, which in turn react with oxygen to produce valuable methanol and formic acid.

«Such atoms can be produced in specialized laboratories with state - of - the - art techniques,» explains Prof. Dieter Meschede from the IAP.

This all changed with the first generation of stars, so bright and powerful that their light started to break apart hydrogen atoms around them, while their cores produced the elements essential for life itself.

Combustion causes almost every atom of carbon in the fuel to combine with two atoms of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide.

Li's team showed that during CRAND, cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere collide with neutral atoms, creating a splash that produces charged particles, including electrons, that become trapped by Earth's magnetic field.

But theory says that WIMPs should also brush shoulders with normal atoms occasionally, producing signals we can detect.

When the positrons collide with electrons in the atoms that make up the spacecraft, they annihilate each other, producing gamma - ray photons with a telltale energy in the process.

Normally, one metal atom (either barium or calcium) can react with an oxygen atom to produce a stable molecule.

Light interacting with hydrogen atoms enclosed in hollow cages composed of carbon atoms — referred to as fullerene material — produces ionisation.

Packing the atoms closer together appears to produce higher harmonics than using single, widely spaced atoms, the researchers said, and working with these frozen gases should help them figure out why.

In 2003, the Dubna team claimed to have made one atom of it by bombarding americium with calcium to produce an atom of element 115, which then quickly decayed to 113 and then lighter elements.

When two deuterium atoms fuse in his experiments, they produce helium - 4 together with energy, in the form of photons and lattice vibrations called «phonons».

Some of the atoms in two spatially separate Bose - Einstein condensates can be made to constructively interfere constructively with one another, producing an atom interferometer.

Ray Jayawardhana: Indeed, and they're also neutrinos produced in the upper atmosphere of the earth when cosmic rays, these energy particles, collide with atoms in the earth's own atmosphere.

These particles, if they exist, do not generally associate with ordinary atoms, but they occasionally collide anyway, producing some secondary effects.

A competing antimatter experiment at CERN, known as ATRAP, has been working toward producing larger numbers of antihydrogen atoms with lower kinetic energies, which would facilitate their trapping.

The argon was produced in the initial stellar explosion, and then ionised, or energised, with electrons stripped from the atoms in resulting intense radiation as shockwaves.

«The nickel fragments that sputter off of the pellet react with the oxygen atoms to produce an oxidized form of nickel that gets deposited onto the semiconductor,» Lewis says.

They're buried deep down in the ice, but they register the flashes of light that emitted when neutrinos interact with an atom and produces a new particle called a muon as the moon — muon travels through the ice, that's what lights it up.

In their study, the ICFO team cooled down a cloud of atoms to a few micro-degrees Kelvin, applied a magnetic field to produce spin motion as in MRI, and illuminated the cloud with a laser to measure the orientation of the atomic spins.

When a neutrino traveling through the earth collides with an atom in a molecule of ice, a little nuclear reaction can occur, producing blue light.

But making an atom with 114 protons and 184 neutrons would require an intense beam of radioactive atoms, something that can't be produced with existing technology, says Michael Thoennessen of Michigan State University in East Lansing, who catalogues new isotopes.

Perhaps, the scientists thought, the bubbles would get so big that their collapse would produce temperatures near 10 million degreeshot enough to cause a few deuterium atoms in the acetone to fuse into helium or tritium (hydrogen with two extra neutrons).

Researchers from the IceCube project will place a string of Digital Optical Modules into this hole, which can detect the faint signal produced on the rare occasion when a neutrino collides directly with the nucleus of an atom in a molecule of ice.

Some of these recombine into nitric oxide, and this in turn reacts with other atmospheric chemicals, occasionally producing a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms — ozone, or O3.

(Magnetic interactions with the surface below the atoms produced in - between spin states, which have their own dimple patterns.)

To measure the number of electron - neutrinos reaching Earth, the SNO team monitored miniscule flashes of light produced when the particles interact with molecules of heavy waterin which deuterium atoms replace the hydrogen atoms.

Another possible explanation is that the positrons originated from cosmic rays, particles from outer space that collide with atoms in the upper atmosphere to produce short - lived showers of highly energetic particles, including γ - rays.

A group of SISSA / CNR IOM scientists (with the collaboration of the Univerzita Karlova in Prague) has studied a way to produce tiny platinum grains consisting of one atom only and to keep them dispersed in a stable manner, by exploiting the properties of the substrate on which they rest.

For Mars, the key recombination reaction is of O2 + ions with electrons (called dissociative recombination), which produces two fast neutral O atoms.

But when Santoro grew these same bacteria in her lab, they produced nitrous oxide with too few heavy atoms.

Because MRI detects energy - produced shifts in hydrogen atoms, when the «new» gene was introduced into animal cells and then «pelted» with radiofrequency waves from the MRI, it became readily visible.

Methods: Diphenylphosphine ligands, which consist of two phenyl (C6H5) substituted phosphorus centers separated by a carbon chain of variable length, produce gold clusters with extremely narrow distributions in size; that is, the synthesis route produces a large quantity of clusters with the same number of gold atoms as well as a small number of clusters with similar numbers of atoms.

Abstract: We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization dynamics of argon and xenon atoms using a new x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility, SPring - 8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) in Japan, and identified that highly charged Xe ions with the charge state up to +26 are produced predominantly via four - photon absorption as well as highly charged Ar ions with the charge state up to +10... ▽ More We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization dynamics of argon and xenon atoms using a new x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility, SPring - 8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) in Japan, and identified that highly charged Xe ions with the charge state up to +26 are produced predominantly via four - photon absorption as well as highly charged Ar ions with the charge state up to +10 are produced via two - photon absorption at a photon energy of 5.5 keV.

Conversely, the visible light we see is produced as electrons react with hydrogen atoms to produce H − ions.

The Silvonic Pro produces a colloidal solution with around 85 % silver ions, single atoms minus an electron, less than 0.0003 microns in diameter (1 micron = 0.001 millimeters).

Healthy skin produces antioxidants that interfere with the process by which a free radical atom or molecule, which is missing an electron and is thus rendered unstable, attacks the nearest stable molecule and absconds with a replacement electron — a bit of thievery that results in damage to all components of a cell including DNA, proteins, lipids and its membrane.

Healthy skin produces antioxidants that interfere with the process by which a free radical atom or molecule, which is missing an electron and is thus rendered unstable, attacks the nearest stable molecule to «steal» a replacement electron — a form of biological burglary that results in damage to all components of a cell including DNA, proteins, lipids and its membrane.