The technologies to convert these cellulosic materials into ethanol exist, but the cost of
producing cellulosic ethanol is close to double that of grain - based ethanol.
Researchers at Indiana University believe that bacterium Z. mobilis could reduce the cost of
producing cellulosic ethanol from agricultural waste.
(Sec. 1514) Directs the EPA Administrator to: (1) establish an Advanced Biofuel Technologies Program to demonstrate advanced technologies for the production of alternative transportation fuels; (2) give priority to projects that enhance the geographical diversity of alternative fuels production and utilize feedstocks that represent 10 % or less of domestic ethanol or biodiesel fuel production during the previous fiscal year; and (3) fund demonstration projects to develop conversion technologies for
producing cellulosic biomass ethanol, and for coproducing value - added bioproducts (such as fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides) resulting from biodiesel fuel production.
GranBio begins
producing cellulosic ethanol in Brazil; very low carbon intensity of 6.98 gCO2e / MJ for California LCFS
Qteros has developed a proprietary technology «C3» (Complete Cellulosic Conversion), which is uniquely capable of
producing cellulosic ethanol in one step, thus reducing the costs and capital required for making biofuels.
Michael Blaylock, Ph.D., vp of systems development at Edenspace Systems, reported on the status of Energy Corn ™, a feedstock designed to lower the cost of
producing cellulosic biofuels from corn stover.
Simultaneous Co-Fermentation of Mixed Sugars: A Promising Strategy for
Producing Cellulosic Ethanol, Soo Rin Kim, Suk - Jin Ha, Na Wei, Eun Joong Oh, Yong - Jin, Trends in Biotechnology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibntech.2012.01.005, February 20, 2012.
Those benefits, however, are complicated by the need for vast amounts of land to
produce cellulosic biofuels on a large scale.
Liskij, Nicholas Grade: 8 SUMMA at Whitford Middle School - Beaverton, OR Project Title: Extracting Cellulase Enzymes from Varying Species of Soil Fungi Grown in a Cellulose Based Agar in Order to
Produce Cellulosic Ethanol
«Norm Lewis» research is pivotal to finding an easier way to
produce cellulosic ethanol in a cost effective way,» said Ralph Cavalieri, director of the WSU Agricultural Research Center.
On the other hand, the technology to
produce cellulosic biofuels is still in development and far from ready for prime time.
The one facility that
produced cellulosic ethanol RINs in 2012 has already gone bankrupt.
However, we only have about 10 years until the Renewable Fuel Standard ceases increasing, and we have yet to
produce any cellulosic ethanol at all.
KiOR's biorefinery in Columbus, Mississippi started commercial production in March using wood chips to
produce cellulosic fuels, and Ineos just announced on July 31 that their Indian River BioEnergy plant in Florida has begun operations to make biofuels from plant waste.
Presently, despite frequently optimistic claims, it costs significantly more to
produce cellulosic ethanol than to produce corn ethanol.
The two major pathways used to
produce cellulosic biofuels have traditionally involved the conversion of biomass using either biochemical (a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation) or thermochemical (gasification and catalysis) methods, he explained.
The fact is, Congressional mandates have failed to
produce cellulosic biofuel and expand the domestic biofuels industry as envisioned, and our new energy realities have made the RFS obsolete.
Many of the corn ethanol plants can be easily modified to
produce cellulosic ethanol from the waste of farm crops.
Congressional mandates have failed to
produce cellulosic biofuel and expand the domestic biofuels industry as envisioned, and our new energy realities have made the RFS obsolete
Aemetis has signed a Master Agreement with key exclusive rights for the use of an advanced gasification technology from InEnTec to
produce cellulosic ethanol.
That makes the arithmetic work, but unfortunately, there is no viable technology to
produce cellulosic ethanol, and corn - based ethanol is hitting its limits.
That alone is not security the only way we can produce enough domestically is if we greatly improve the technology used to
produce cellulosic ethanol.
The first large - scale commercial operation to
produce cellulosic ethanol (the kind of ethanol made not from corn or other grown crops, but from organic waste) in the US just got major backing from the oil industry, and will be online in 2013.
Not exact matches
Later this year the company is scheduled to finish a $ 200 million - plus facility in Nevada, Iowa, that will
produce 30 million gallons of
cellulosic ethanol using corn residue from nearby farms.
There is certainly a case for re-doubling the scientific efforts to
produce bio-fuels on lands which do not compete with food crops, for example from
cellulosic ethanol, but this technology is still not ready for the market.
«For years, we've heard companies claim they will soon
produce large qualities of
cellulosic fuel, but these rosy forecasts haven't ever come true,» said American Petroleum Institute spokesman Carlton Carroll in an email.
In Welsh's view, it's no coincidence that opposition to the U.S. renewable fuels policy has ramped up just as the three big
cellulosic facilities — Project Liberty in Emmetsburg, Dupont's Nevada, Iowa plant and the Hugoton, Kan. facility built by Spanish multinational Abengoa — are to begin
producing the fuel.
This year's proposed
cellulosic target — based entirely on the projected output of the three new
cellulosic plants — is 17 million gallons, far short of the 1 billion gallons per year that Congress envisioned the industry would be
producing by now when it passed the Energy Independence and Security Act in in 2007.
That method could make a difference in
cellulosic biofuel plants, which
produce ethanol from waste products — corn husks and cobs — rather than edible kernels, a major advance in addressing the tradeoff of using agricultural land to grow corn for fuel rather than for food.
But the research suggests that even if researchers maximized the capacity to grow biofuels on all marginal lands, «the amount of
cellulosic ethanol it could
produce is only enough to provide 1.5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel by 2020.»
By spurring the development of
cellulosic biorefineries that will
produce the fuels and chemicals we need and use, we are driving the economy and addressing a critical societal need.»
EPA mandates
cellulosic ethanol, which has never been
produced, except a few gallons by a tax payer funded new venture.
Cellulosic ethanol from grasses, sugarcane and algae probably offer the best opportunities going forward to
produce clean, renewable fuel without impacting food supply.
Last year, to much fanfare, the first batch of qualifying
cellulosic ethanol was
produced (i.e., it qualified for credits under the EPA program for certifying ethanol for sales).
The 73,000 gallons of
cellulosic produced as of the end of July is about 1.8 % of the new EPA mandate (4 million gallons or 6 million «ethanol - equivalent» gallons).
Western Biomass Energy LLC, a subsidiary of Blue Sugars Corporation (previously KL Energy) reported the major milestone of claiming the first
cellulosic ethanol tax credits under the RFS2 for a 20,069 gallon batch of
cellulosic ethanol
produced from bagasse (sugar cane waste) in April 2012.
It will still take massive amounts of land to
produce the inputs necessary to create
cellulosic ethanol, and these inputs must be cheap enough such that they make it into the market place.
Tennessee has the potential to
produce billions of gallons of
cellulosic ethanol by using 4.5 million acres of land identified by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as ideal for energy crop cultivation.
If current levels of crop waste were used to
produce biogas, 500 million gallons of
cellulosic ethanol could be
produced every year.
Edeniq can
produce 70 gallons of
cellulosic advanced ethanol per ton of biomass.
Clearly we do not
produce enough corn and soybeans to achieve this goal, so the technology that is being counted on is almost certainly
cellulosic ethanol.
However, «once commercially available,
cellulosic ethanol
produced in set - aside grasslands should provide the most efficient tool for greenhouse gas reduction of any scenario we examined,» the report added.
Switchgrass and hybrid poplars would
produce relatively high ethanol yields on marginal lands, but it likely will be another decade before
cellulosic ethanol can compete with corn - based ethanol.
In contrast, a single planting of
cellulosic species will continue growing and
producing for years while trapping more carbon in the soil.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration reports that only 20,000 gallons of ethanol was
produced from non-food, «
cellulosic» sources in 2012.
Alternatively,
cellulosic biofuels might rely on harvesting existing forests or
producing fast - growing trees or grasses on the world's grasslands or woody savannas.
A key advantage of using yeast for
cellulosic ethanol production is their ability to work over a broad temperature (< 44oC) and pH (3.0 — 8.0) range to
produce large amounts of sugar.
Industrial countries could
produce enough sugar cane / grain ethanol and / or
cellulosic ethanol to replace the 75 + million barrels / day they consume without adversed effects on food production and / or major changes in land use.
«The U.S. and Europe can not
produce enough plant feedstocks to meet targets» for biofuel production — even with
cellulosic corn — as defined by government mandates, which are largely being driven by a growing demand for energy independence and national security concerns, said Thurmond.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy,
cellulosic biomass has the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 86 percent compared to petroleum - based fuels, if it can be
produced on a large - scale basis.