To ensure safety and extend shelf life, ingredients are blended, pasteurized, homogenized, concentrated, heat sterilized, spray dried and canned up to 130 - 140oC, which leads to major changes in the compositions
of the infant formula.39 Glycation is the reaction
of sugars with
amines, amino acids, peptides and proteins at high temperatures, which initially form Amadori
products, the first step in a process called the Maillard reaction (MR).