When cloning is successful, the adult nucleus is stripped of its epigenetic programming, and is restored to a totipotent state that can use all the genetic information present in the nucleus to orchestrate the complete
program of embryonic development.
Not exact matches
As specialized cells are generated during
embryonic development, they are
programmed to use only a limited amount
of the total genetic information present in the nucleus to produce the proteins required for their particular function.
Embryonic stem cells are produced during
development by the same process
of epigenetic
programming that later will produce adult cells such as skin and brain.
This process
of restricting the use
of genetic information during
embryonic development is known as epigenetic
programming»
programming that is not part
of the DNA code itself but imposed on that code during
embryonic development.
Part
of the challenge to identifying the correct genetic and molecular
programming to coax hPSCs in to colonic organoids has been a lack
of data about
embryonic development of the organ, according to the authors.
The gene, known as gata5, acts in
embryonic cells, which are primordial, unspecialized cells that form in the earliest stage
of embryonic development and are genetically
programmed to evolve into one
of many specialized cell types, such as skeletal muscle cells, nerve cells, blood cells, skin cells, and liver cells.
Instead
of waiting for the
program to end, we spent the past decade showing that HARs are key regulators
of embryonic development.
The transcriptional
program of early
embryonic development is tightly regulated by a set
of well - defined transcription factors that suppress premature expression
of differentiation genes and sustain the pluripotent identity.
Mouse fetal
development is perturbed by culture in low oxygen concentration that increases expression
of oxygen - sensitive genes via hypoxia inducible factors: A non-epigenetic
embryonic programming phenomenon?