Not exact matches
Most evaluations of early education
programs show that such
programs improve children's school readiness, specifically their pre-academic skills, although the distribution of impact estimates is extremely wide, and gains
on achievement tests typically fade over time.
Even if we ignore the fact that most portfolio managers, regulators, and other policy makers rely
on the level of
test scores (rather than gains) to gauge quality, math and reading
achievement results are not particularly reliable indicators of whether teachers, schools, and
programs are improving later - life outcomes for students.
In 1999, Michigan increased the reward for good academic performance by offering the Michigan Merit Award, a one - year $ 2,500 scholarship for any student who scores at Level I or Level 2
on the Michigan Educational
Achievement Program (MEAP)
tests in reading, mathematics, science, and writing.
To the extent the
program involves student
achievement, it bases awards
on «student learning objectives» as «created by individual teachers, with the approval of site - based administrators»; these objectives «will be measured by a combination of existing assessment instruments, and teacher designed tools,» as well as by state standardized
tests.
Up to eight states would be authorized to conduct demonstration
programs testing whether state control of Head Start actually leads to better coordination of preschool
programs, greater emphasis
on school readiness, improvement in poor children's preschool
test scores, and progress in closing the
achievement gap between poor and advantaged students.
To create such
programs, states and districts must identify the most important elements of student performance (usually academic
achievement), measure them (usually with state
tests), calculate change in performance
on a school - by - school basis, and provide rewards to schools that meet or beat performance improvement targets — all of which must be backed by system supports that enable all schools to boost results.
Classrooms or schools have been used by Len Jason and his colleagues
on tests of
programs for transfer students, in Leanard Bickman's admirable but aborted trials
on teacher - incentive
programs in Tennessee, and in Sheppard Kellam's Baltimore studies
on mental health and children's
achievement.
Participation in afterschool
programs is influencing academic performance in a number of ways, including better attitudes toward school and higher educational aspirations; higher school attendance rates and lower tardiness rates; less disciplinary action, such as suspension; lower dropout rates; better performance in school, as measured by
achievement test scores and grades; significant gains in academic
achievement test scores; greater
on - time promotion; improved homework completion; and deeper engagement in learning.
Among many influential projects conducted under the auspices of EdLabs, Fryer has developed and implemented
programs to
test the impact of incentives
on student
achievement, teacher pay - for - performance concepts, and an effort to apply charter - school practices to a district turnaround school in Houston.
What is clear, however, is that both Catholic schools and voucher
programs for low - income families show stronger effects
on students» educational attainment than
on their
achievement as measured by standardized
tests.
Results of the Student
Achievement Guarantee in Education, or SAGE,
program showed that between 1996 - 97 and 1998 - 99, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd graders in 30 public schools performed better
on the Comprehensive
Tests of Basic Skills than did students in bigger classes.
Research has shown that after - school
programs focused
on social and emotional development can significantly enhance student self - perceptions, school connectedness, positive social behaviors, school grades, and
achievement test scores, while reducing problem behaviors (Durlak et al., 2010).
This meta - analysis of social and emotional learning interventions (including 213 school - based SEL
programs and 270,000 students from rural, suburban and urban areas) showed that social and emotional learning interventions had the following effects
on students ages 5 - 18: decreased emotional distress such as anxiety and depression, improved social and emotional skills (e.g., self - awareness, self - management, etc.), improved attitudes about self, others, and school (including higher academic motivation, stronger bonding with school and teachers, and more positive attitudes about school), improvement in prosocial school and classroom behavior (e.g., following classroom rules), decreased classroom misbehavior and aggression, and improved academic performance (e.g. standardized
achievement test scores).
While students showed gains
on achievement tests after one year in the choice
program, researcher Valerie Martinez of the University of Texas found that their families also had stronger educational backgrounds than those not in the
program.
The
achievement effects of choice
programs after just one or two years may well turn out to be misleading indicators of the longer - term effects
on test scores and attainment.
As a result of our findings of no consistent statistical association between the
achievement and attainment effects in school choice studies we urged commentators and policymakers «to be more humble» in judging school choice
programs or schools of choice based solely or primarily
on initial
test score effects.
Only one study, conducted by Jay Greene and Marcus Winters and focusing
on the D.C. voucher
program, found that voucher competition had no effect
on the
test scores of non-participants, while no empirical study of acceptable rigor has found that a U.S. private - school - choice
program decreased the
achievement of public school students.
That study, while reporting negative
achievement effects for participants in Ohio's largest voucher
program, also found that students remaining in public schools performed higher
on tests, owing to
program - induced competition.
Due to this general disconnect between
achievement and attainment effects of choice
programs and, in a few cases in our sample, individual choice schools, we caution commentators and regulators to be more humble and circumspect in judging school choice
programs and schools of choice based solely
on their
test score effects.
The legislation also, as Layton reported, «require states to intervene with «evidence - based»
programs in schools where student
test scores are in the lowest 5 percent, where
achievement gaps are greatest, and in high schools where fewer than two - thirds of students graduate
on time.»
The occasion is the triennial release of global scholastic
achievement rankings based
on exams administered by the
Program for International Student Assessment, or PISA, which
tests students in 65 countries in math, science, and languages.
All three studies achieved very high response rates
on all data collections, whether teacher surveys, classroom observations, collection of teachers» scores
on college entrance exams or precertification exams, student
achievement tests, collection of student data from district administrative records, principal surveys, or interviews with
program officials.
The results of such an analysis allow us to reality -
test the broad cautions voiced by the Friedman Foundation, the Cato Institute, and others — in particular their warning that holding schools to account for student
achievement (especially via conventional state
testing programs) will surely cause them to turn their backs
on such
programs and thus leave needy children without good educational options at all.
Poring over school records, he noted a pattern of significantly higher scores
on tests of academic
achievement and cognitive ability, including IQ
tests, up to four years after the
program's end.
Contemporary accountability policies have created the added expectation that districts will differentiate support to schools
on the basis of
achievement results from state
testing programs and other accountability measures, with particular attention to be given to schools where large numbers of students are not meeting standards of proficiency.
Marisa Castellano and Kirsten Sundell, co-principal investigators of the Rigorous
Tests of Student Outcomes in CTE
Programs of Study project, are wrapping up the fourth and final year of data collection for their study of the effects of POS / career pathways
on student academic and technical
achievement.
Evidence is mixed at best about the impact of large - scale state and district
testing programs on student
achievement.
I believe there has always been a concentration
on student
achievement in the classroom as evidenced by the data provided by state
testing programs.
Whether parents work one -
on - one with students who need help with reading or grade math worksheets as part of an enrichment
program, groups can make a difference in student
achievement while motivating students to do their best when it's time for the
test.
Program completers have gone
on to increase student retention, improve
test scores, and narrow the
achievement gap in CPS schools.
Promisingly, researchers have found that it is possible to orient students toward positive learning mindsets through low - cost interventions, including online
programs that teach students about growth mindsets and purpose.29 According to Carol Dweck and her colleagues, ``... educational interventions and initiatives that target these psychological factors can have transformative effects
on students» experience and
achievement in school, improving core academic outcomes such as GPA and
test scores months and even years later.»
And a new study from the National Center
on Performance Incentives at Vanderbilt University — although not studying the important question of whether teachers who receive high scores
on TAP evaluations tend to produce greater gains in their students»
test scores — found that a small sample of secondary schools using TAP produced no higher levels of student
achievement than schools that hadn't implemented the TAP
program.
During middle school, for example, students from elementary schools that had implemented the Developmental Studies Center's Child Development Project — a
program that emphasizes community building — were found to outperform middle school students from comparison elementary schools
on academic outcomes (higher grade - point averages and
achievement test scores), teacher ratings of behavior (better academic engagement, respectful behavior, and social skills), and self - reported misbehavior (less misconduct in school and fewer delinquent acts)(Battistich, 2001).
Interestingly,
achievement benefits of private school choice appear to be somewhat larger for
programs in developing countries than for those in the U.S. Wolf explains, «Our meta - analysis avoided all three factors that have muddied the waters
on the
test - score effects of private school choice.
TESTING AND ACCOUNTABILITY — Provides information
on student academic
achievement and
program requirements.
A former preschool teacher and school board member, Murray went
on to address areas of the law that are not effective for many of our nation's students, suggesting greater efforts to close the
achievement gap, especially among students in underserved communities; to reduce redundant and unnecessary
testing; focus
on preparing students for college and their career; ensure accountability; and also expand access to preschool
programs.
Instead of relying
on intelligence and
achievement test scores solely for identification, multiple criteria would be used, including more non-traditional measures such as observing students interacting with a variety of learning opportunities (Passow & Frasier, 1996) it is a belief of many in the field of gifted education that new conceptions of giftedness and a new paradigm for identifying and selecting students will help minority and disadvantaged students become more represented in gifted
programs (VanTassel - Baska, Patton, & Prillaman, 1991; Ford, 1996).
During the past nine years, Dr. Brotman has developed and
tested a new
program known as ParentCorps, which has shown recently showcased in the media based
on its preventive effects
on aggressive behaviors and
achievement test scores.
Combatants
on both sides of that fight could claim a measure of validation from the new research: Advocates of school choice who argue that it isn't fair to judge voucher
programs based
on test results from a student's first year in private school, given that it takes children time to adjust to a new environment, and critics who say vouchers drain funds from public schools without improving student
achievement.
Studies of students who attend high - quality
programs for a significant period of time show improvements in academic performance and social competence, including better grades, improved homework completion, higher scores
on achievement tests, lower levels of grade retention, improved behavior in school, increased competence and sense of self as a learner, better work habits, fewer absences from school, better emotional adjustment and relationships with parents, and a greater sense of belonging in the community.
In an effort to settle the case, the district and its teachers» union reach agreement
on an evaluation
program that factors in standardized
test scores as well as Academic Growth over Time, a mathematical formula used to measure student
achievement.
The Student Success
Program (SSP) provides targeted support to Tier 3 students (designation for students failing grade - level targets
on state
tests and site - based
achievement levels).
A study in one major metropolitan school district found that students participating in the PATHS
program * in grades 3 through 6 were more likely to achieve basic proficiency
on their state's
achievement tests in reading (grade 4), math (grade 4), and writing (grades 5 and 6), compared to students who received limited SEL instruction.
If the exceptional talent is in a non-academic area such as music or art, the children may not be identified as gifted by the school because most
testing for gifted
programs is based
on academic ability or
achievement.
Varsity Tutors provides intensive 4 and 6 week
test prep
programs for Texas students, helping them achieve new levels of
achievement on the state standardized exams.
The goal is to
test the following: If an urban district, and its principal training
programs, provide a large number of talented aspiring principals with the right pre-service training and
on - the - job support, the result will be a pipeline of principals able to improve teacher quality and student
achievement, especially in schools with the greatest needs.
Thus it is not only unfair to judge a teacher based
on test scores, but also ineffective — research has shown that
test - based incentive
programs do not lead to improvement of student
achievement.
Some work in more affluent school districts and have greater autonomy to create individual
programs, yet still are accountable for students» learning and their performance
on high - stakes
achievement tests.
And, Fletcher said, the
program's key measure of student
achievement — known as Academic Growth Over Time — is based
on state standardized
tests that will be phased out in the next few years as California moves toward a new national curriculum and assessments.
Countless research studies have shown certified school librarians who's
program is supported by needed resources are a significant factor
on student's learning and
achievement on high stakes
tests.