Sentences with phrase «programmed during fetal development»

These findings provide the first evidence of a direct effect of maternal metabolism on fetal brain activity and suggest that central insulin resistance may be programmed during fetal development.»

Not exact matches

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

This is especially important for pre-term babies who would not have received sufficient DHA during fetal development,» said Dr Silver, who is from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program at Duke - NUS.

The Swedish part of the effort, called the Human Developmental Cell Atlas (HDCA) program, includes researchers from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University and KTH, focusing on brain, lung, heart and fetal development during the first 12 -LSB-...]

The PAHD - I program was developed using the most recent scientific research on prenatal attachment, positive parenting, positive communication, stress management, self - care during pregnancy, fetal and child development, do's and don'ts during and after pregnancy, and ways to prevent depression during and after pregnancy.

Some theories suggest physiological, metabolic and hormonal changes during pregnancy alter the course of fetal development, in effect «programming» the fetus to adapt and develop in a specific way.