It gives us processes for adjudicating truth claims, and imposes different evidentiary rules on adjudication depending on the context and consequences (in criminal law proof beyond a reasonable doubt; in civil
law proof on the balance of probabilities).
Even the proof relationship (as in,
proof on balance of probability, and proof beyond reasonable doubt) can be an inductive relationship, and hence we can be in the unfortunate situation of having proof beyond reasonable doubt of a proposition which is in fact false.
The standard of proof required is the civil standard, that is
proof on the balance of probabilities.
The existence of suspicious circumstances does not impose a higher standard of proof on the propounder of the will than the civil standard of
proof on a balance of probabilities.
For administrative tribunals, the default is the civil standard of
proof on the balance of probabilities, subject to any express statutory provision to the contrary: Stetler v. Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Appeal, 2005 CanLII 24217 (ON CA).
At para. 49, Rothstein J unequivocally stated that «there is only one standard of proof and that is
proof on a balance of probabilities.
Proof on the balance of probabilities would require a finding of fact, not a decision about the strength of arguments, and would probably require the availability of oral evidence and discovery.
Second, the standard of proof in a civil case is lower than in a criminal case —
proof on a balance of probabilities, or 51 % or greater probability it happened, can often be established where proof beyond a reasonable doubt can not.
(The Supreme Court of Canada said so, in F.H. v. McDougall, 2008 SCC 53: «There is only one standard of proof in a civil case and that is
proof on a balance of probabilities.»
(1) Subject to subsection (3), the standard of proof to be applied in determining matters in proceedings under this Division is
proof on the balance of probabilities.