There are, of course,
proper names of God or gods, whether in the polytheistic religions or, as in ancient Israel, where the one omnipotent God, Yahweh, bears a special name because the people is convinced to have had a special experience of him in its history, which characterizes him despite his incomprehensibility and actual namelessness and thus confers a name on him.
It comes to play an overwhelmingly important role in Western Christianity because Jerome, when translating the Bible into Latin, chose «omnipotence» consistently to replace Shaddai, one of
the proper names of God in the Hebrew scriptures.
9 Note the distinctions here between Vasudeva,
the proper name of a god, and Vasudeva, a family name common among the Vrsni race.
In the biblical language, the word elohim was combined with
the proper name of the God of Israel, and later the word theos was used in the same way.
The Septuagint, a product of Hellenistic Jewish scholarship used Pantocrator, chiefly in Job, to translate, or actually to replace,
the proper name of God, Shaddai.
It is also significant that
the proper name of God, Yahweh, is no longer used, for this has meaning only so long as God appears as a subject among other subjects which must be distinguished from the others by a definite name.
Not exact matches
Nor can we use «
God» as the
proper name of a unique item in the universe.
That the Lord's Supper is celebrated and his death proclaimed until he returns; that in the
name of the triune
God baptism is administered and
God's justifying Word is preached; that we are the Lord's in life and in death and therefore in our first and in our last failure; that we believe, hope and love — to proclaim and mediate that is the
proper function
of the Church.
Both these terms» elohim and theos» carried a prior understanding
of the reality that was identified by the
proper name of the biblical
God.
And it is sure to reinforce the growing, salutary conviction that Christians can not be children
of their Father in heaven without their older brothers and sisters in the faith, the people
of Israel to whom the living
God revealed his
proper name.
It embraces a fruitful abundance
of descriptions
of God, including all the substantive terms that can legitimately complete the sentence, «
God is...,» beginning with scriptural terms such as Word, Wisdom, Water
of Life, Bread from Heaven, Truth, and Comforter, as well as alternative
proper names such as El Shaddai and also El Roi» Hagar's
name for
God, in the only biblical story where a human being gives
God a
name.
Or it has been treated as a description
of God as pure Being (as if it were not a
proper name but simply equivalent to the «I am»
of Exodus 3:14).
The first sign
of uniqueness is in the
proper name by which the
God of Israel was known.
Further, the use
of any
proper name for
God was questionable.
One problem was that, in the Septuagint, «Cosmocrator», ruler
of the cosmos, replaced Shaddai, the
proper name for
God in part
of the Pentateuch and in Job.
«Again, respect
of persons, in uncovering the head and bowing the knee or body in salutation, was a practice I had been much in the use
of; and this, being one
of the vain customs
of the world, introduced by the spirit
of the world, instead
of the true honor which this is a false representation
of, and used in deceit as a token
of respect by persons one to another, who bear no real respect one to another; and besides this, being a type and a
proper emblem
of that divine honor which all ought to pay to Almighty
God, and which all
of all sorts, who take upon them the Christian
name, appear in when they offer their prayers to him, and therefore should not be given to men; - I found this to be one
of those evils which I had been too long doing; therefore I was now required to put it away and cease from it.
This signifies the word YHWH, the
proper name for the
God of the Hebrews.
It is probably best to introduce «
God» as a logically
proper name in terms
of a suitable Russellian description, as Bowman Clarke has well noted.2 Descriptions fail
of their mark, however, unless postulates or theorems are forthcoming assuring the existence and uniqueness
of the entity described.
These
names of God are remembered as part
of proper names, preceded by Abd (meaning the slave, or servant,
of), but often their full meaning as
names of God is not recognized.
While I would insist that «
God» expresses a concept and is not only a
proper name within a certain historical tradition, I believe that Hartshorne pays insufficient attention to the force
of that tradition in shaping Anselm's meditation.