The phrase
"prosecution history" refers to the collection of documents and records created during the legal process of prosecuting a case. It includes all the interactions, arguments, decisions, and actions taken by both the prosecution (the party bringing the case) and the defense (the opposing party) throughout the legal proceedings. It provides a detailed account of how the case was handled, including any negotiations, evidence presented, legal arguments made, and court decisions, and can be used as a reference for understanding the context and background of a legal case.
Full definition
For example, Dr. Marcus Grosch of Quinn Emanuel, who represents Google and its Motorola Mobility subsidiary in its German patent disputes with Apple, Microsoft and Nokia (in the Nokia lawsuits against HTC and ViewSonic, Google is a third - party intervenor), points to
prosecution history in most of the cases in which he acts for a defendant.
Sandoz argued that a group of claims in the Teva patents were invalid as indefinite, because the term «molecular weight» appearing in the claims was subject to multiple incompatible meanings, and the patents themselves and the relevant
prosecution histories did not resolve the ambiguity.
But this only benefits a defendant if the claim language coupled with the specification supports a given non-infringement theory,
with prosecution history providing just another indication of the defendant's proposed claim construction being the correct one.
I note also that, unlike in 2000, when the Free World Trust decision was released,
prosecution histories in many jurisdictions (including Canada) are now available on the internet.
But he did recognize that
prosecution history doesn't have much of a bearing on claim construction in Germany — which is exactly why I believe Samsung decided to assert this particular patent in Germany and not in the United States.
The use of patent
prosecution history is a standard part of analysing patents in the United States but the courts in Canada have resisted using the prosecution history for parsing the words of patent claims.
A recent decision highlights a situation where the use of the patent
prosecution history would have resulted in a different analysis in Canada and the trial judge asks whether it is time to consider the prosecution history and imposing consequences on parties that argue differently at court than before the patent office.
Due diligence reviews and strategic planning, including analyzing patents,
prosecution histories, and prior art references to develop product workarounds and freedom - to - operate, non-infringement, invalidity, and unenforceability positions.
You'll likely also want to refer to and show parts of
the prosecution history.
Those who advocate a more balanced framework should definitely make a greater weight for
prosecution history one of their top five objectives.
But I see defendants in Germany argue on the basis of
prosecution history all the time, presumably because they believe that for psychological reasons the persuasive value of arguments based on prosecution history is greater than its formal legal weight.
Critics of the Cybor policy, including several Federal Circuit judges, have pointed out that the approach is inconsistent with the prevailing claim construction analysis, which requires district courts to consider a factual record consisting of both «intrinsic» evidence (the patent claims, specification, and
prosecution history) and «extrinsic» evidence (such as expert testimony, treatises, art references, and other facts outside the patent and prosecution).
Obtained a positive claim construction ruling for Ford during an inter partes review proceeding before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board («PTAB») that found an express disclaimer in
the prosecution history of the patent - in - suit.
First, in situations where the district court relies only on the intrinsic evidence (claim language, specification and
prosecution history), its ruling is subject to de novo review.
But claim construction proceedings may include voluminous evidence concerning matters outside the patent document and
prosecution history.
As a result, litigants and district judges may pay more attention to it, and somewhat less on intrinsic evidence such as the specification and
prosecution history.
[239] This case highlights a potential risk in taking a simpler approach to claim construction by ignoring extrinsic evidence, such as
the prosecution history of the patent in suit.
These cases show how
the prosecution history, even if not directly citable, can be helpful on issues involving patent validity, construction and infringement.
In Pollard v. Scientific Games, 2016 FC 883, a decision released in July after a trial in which I was involved, Justice Locke had to deal with this issue directly when
the prosecution history pointed to one meaning for the word «continuous» in the patent claim but the patent owner was arguing a different meaning during the trial.
In contrast in Canada, the Supreme Court in 2000 held that «extrinsic» material, including
the prosecution history of the patent, was not to be considered for claim construction, i.e. determining what the words of the patent mean.
Instead of looking to the patent file history, the claim term was analyzed by the court from the perspective of the person skilled in the art looking only at the patent (but not
the prosecution history).
Patent owners responding to a petition should also carefully review
the prosecution history and, where appropriate, take advantage of the Preliminary Response to argue that the petition offers nothing new.
Prosecution history — The written record of proceedings between the applicant and the PTO, including the original patent application and later communications between the PTO and applicant.
In addition, although the Federal Circuit has not addressed the broader issue, patent owners should expect that short of actual disclaimer, all statements made during AIA post grant proceedings, including statements in expert reports, will be considered «intrinsic» evidence that a district court may consider, along with the patent specification and
prosecution history, in conducting claim construction.
Undeterred by that minor inconvenience, the panel then began speculating whether
the prosecution history — that was not in the record and was not before the court — might nevertheless support a construction that would let Intel off the hook.
As the Supreme Court confirmed in Teva, «When the district court reviews only evidence intrinsic to the patent (the patent claims and specifications, along with the patent's
prosecution history), the judge's determination will amount solely to a determination of law, and the Court of Appeals will review that construction de novo.»
The SCC also did not explain how the patent gives public notice of the claims, but
the prosecution history, which is likewise available to the public, does not.
The Court's unanimous decision replaced the Federal Circuit's standard with a new one: a patent is «invalid for indefiniteness if its claims, read in light of the specification delineating the patent, and
the prosecution history, fail to inform, with reasonable certainty, those skilled in the art about the scope of...