Sentences with phrase «prospective cohort studies does»

Not exact matches

In addition to assessing clinical outcomes in a retrospective cohort of 30,000 children, the researchers studied a prospective cohort of 2,472 children, doing telephone interviews with caregivers to measure outcomes that parents had identified as their highest concerns: adverse drug effects, additional childcare costs, lingering symptoms and missed school days.

Using a sub-set of prospective cohorts included in the Turati (2011) meta - analysis, Dong (2011) found that coffee drinking was inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk but did not separate studies based on their adjustment for smoking status.

Conversely, within non-diabetic populations, periods of IER (75 - 85 % ER on restricted days) do not typically affect fasting glucose levels 37, 41, 45, 48 or HbA1c 41, 48; results of which can often be replicated by short term CER studies.62 - 65These findings are unsurprising given that frank hyperglycaemia within the T2DM diagnostic range is effectively a late - stage manifestation of IR, which along with compensatory increases insulin secretion, can precede the onset of T2DM by many years.66, 67 Findings from one large scale prospective cohort study, Whitehall II, reveal a sharp increase in the trajectory towards fasting hyperglycaemia which is only detectable three years prior to diagnosis with T2DM.67 Consequently, it can be argued that changes in circulating insulin concentrations, fasting (hepatic) insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake / clearance are more sensitive markers of deteriorating glucose control than fasting glycaemia in non - diabetics.68 - 70

A prospective cohort study of 538 students from the Harvard School of Public Health found that «although physical activity is thought of as an energy deficit activity, our estimates do not support this hypothesis.»

A more formal study that did evaluate the effects of a ketogenic diet confirmed the efficacy of carbohydrate restriction: in a small prospective cohort, obese subjects began a ketogenic diet after undergoing a 24 - hour esophageal pH probe test (which measures the pH of the esophagus).

Among 373,803 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, there was no association between baseline fruit and vegetable intake and weight change over 5 y [23], but this study used a single baseline measure of diet that did not incorporate change over time.

Of two large cohort studies with > 35,000 participants (3,4), Sluijs et al. (3) did not observe a significant association for total protein after adjustment for BMI and waist circumference in the Dutch cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)- InterAct.