Sentences with phrase «protein coding sequences»

Protein coding sequences were flanked with unique NotI and AscI restriction sites and subcloned into a derivative of the pTT3 expression plasmid between a 5» mouse variable κ light chain signal peptide [32], and a 3» tag consisting of the rat Cd4 domains 3 and 4 followed by an enzymatic biotinylation sequence and a hexahistidine tag [33].

In each of the BAC transgenic vectors, endogenous protein coding sequences have been replaced by sequences encoding the EGFP reporter gene.

Accordingly most only have their protein coding sequences annotated in genomes.

We used custom microarrays to capture and Illumina sequence 6 Mb of targeted intronic DNA, and combined this dataset with published protein coding sequences derived from transcriptome sequencing [28]--[29].

Accuracy and power of statistical methods for detecting adaptive evolution in protein coding sequences and for identifying positively selected sites.

Accuracy and power of statistical methods for detecting adaptive evolution in protein coding sequences and for identifying positively selected sites Wong, W. S. W., Z. Yang, N. Goldman, and R. Nielsen.

The high conservation of the protein coding sequence for this LGT among Lepidoptera that have diverged over 65 — 145 million years ago (MYA) and evidence of its expression, provides strong support that this gene is functional.

OR and V1R genes typically have coding regions that span a single exon, but we identified 54 OR and 15 V1R genes where at least one of the reconstructed transcripts has an intron within the protein coding sequence (as annotated in Ensembl).

Not exact matches

The point being that nobody knows how different the intron or non-protein coding sequences are between humans and other primates because the research quoted is only on the exons, or protein coding portions of the genome.

The major function of DNA is to encode the sequence of amino acid residues in proteins, using the genetic code.

Gene discovery was greatly facilitated by a new exome sequencing technology, which analyzes all protein - coding regions of the genome at once.

These are sequences made in the lab from RNA — the template used to produce the proteins that genes code for.

To derive an evolutionary tree of the TRIM5 gene, they analyzed and compared its complete protein - coding DNA sequences from 22 African primate species.

«It was not a truly modular code,» Boyden says, referring to the protein's amino acid sequences.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells.

And because trillions upon trillions of different nucleoside sequences can code for the same protein, there were plenty of ways to engineer more efficient ones — providing they could be predicted.

Today's report includes the first recommendations ever given to labs and doctors about how to handle unexpected findings when the genome or its protein - coding «exome» is sequenced.

Moderna is also doing animal safety tests of a personalized cancer vaccine that would code for immune - activating proteins unique to a person's cancer cells, based on genetic sequencing of their tumor.

By comparing proteomic and RNA - sequencing data from people on different exercise programs, the researchers found evidence that exercise encourages the cell to make more RNA copies of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins and proteins responsible for muscle growth.

By deleting some of these «ultraconserved elements», researchers have found that these sequences guide brain development by fine - tuning the expression of protein - coding genes.

The team integrated three, complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole - genome sequencing in six subjects, sequencing of all protein - coding regions (exomes) in 66 subjects, and comparing variation in the number of copies of all genes across the genome in 80 subjects.

«The fact that the genetic code can simultaneously write two kinds of information means that many DNA changes that appear to alter protein sequences may actually cause disease by disrupting gene control programs or even both mechanisms simultaneously,» said Stamatoyannopoulos.

In natural, unaltered organisms, she explains, each sequence of DNA in a genome codes for a particular outcome, expressed as a protein that determines a quality of the individual or even the species as a whole.

For this reason, their finding — that nearly half of the unmapped sequences contained in available genomic reference libraries, including many protein - coding genes, were located in the centromeres — was unexpected.

Using next - generation sequencing to identify the underlying mutations causing these effects, the groups found that the only common suspect was again the ap2 - g gene — the gene that codes for producing the AP2 - G protein.

«Genes code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins, and some are involved in the regulation of the expression of other genes,» he says.

Both Antarctic and Arctic fish carry antifreeze proteins in their blood, but the genes that code for them not only differ in sequence but arose at different times, since the North Atlantic froze only 2.5 million years ago and the Southern Ocean 10 to 14 million years ago.

«By sequencing all of the DNA that codes for mRNA and ultimately, proteins, Dr. Amin and colleagues found a single gene that may account for as much as 4 % of the heritable risk for depression,» said Doctor John Krystal, Editor of Biological Psychiatry.

It wasn't in the actual sequences of the DNA that would code for the finished protein product?

Using whole - exome sequencing to examine portions of DNA containing genetic code to produce proteins, Amin and colleagues found that several variants of NKPD1 were associated with higher depressive symptom scores.

Using this approach, we have sequenced ~ 14,000 protein - coding positions inferred to have changed on the human lineage since the last common ancestor shared with chimpanzees.

The gene that codes for this clotting protein has a very similar sequence across many plant species, and the researchers showed that the microRNA from dodder targets regions of the gene sequence that are the most highly conserved across plants.

MicroRNAs are short bits of nucleic acid — the material of DNA and RNA — that can bind to messenger RNAs that code for protein because they have a complementary sequence of A, U, C and G.

Scientific dogma dictates that various three - letter combinations of our genetic sequence each «mean» exactly one thing — each codes for a particular amino acid, the building block of proteins.

In many sequences, the normally continuous code for translating the DNA sequence into protein had been disrupted by a stop - codon, a signal to end translation.

The new mutations were initially identified by sequencing the exomes (protein - coding portions of the genome) of three children with achromatopsia who receive their care at NYPH.

Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein - coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous - Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.

Genomic - scale amounts of protein - coding sequence data were not only insufficient but were also misleading for generating an accurate avian phylogeny due to convergence.

He mentioned mouse studies by Chris Fiorillo, now at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), who inserted genetic sequences that code for a light - sensitive protein called channelrhodopsin - 2 into dopamine - producing neurons of mice.

Extensive research has already examined the function of microRNAs, a category of small evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNAs about 22 to 24 nucleotides in length that target protein - coding genes in a sequence - specific manner.

We investigated sources of lower resolution and incongruence for the tree based on protein - coding sequences (Fig. 4C).

From these efforts, we identified a high - quality orthologous gene set across avian species, consisting of exons from 8251 syntenic protein - coding genes (~ 40 % of the proteome), introns from 2516 of these genes, and a nonoverlapping set of 3769 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) with ~ 1000 bp of flanking sequences.

In mammalian mitochondria there are two codes for methionine, rather than one, and one of the stop codons, which usually terminates a protein sequence, encodes tryptophan instead.

Using the 58 eggs confiscated in the Folgosa case back in 2003, she and her team searched for short DNA sequences that coded for a piece of the ribosome, the cell's protein - producing factory.

These are sequences produced in the lab from the RNA that is the intermediate step between gene and the protein it codes for.

Using technologies like whole genome or whole exome (the protein - coding portion of the genome) sequencing requires specialized equipment and advanced data analysis and is still relatively expensive.

First the two researchers narrowed the possible location of the lin - 4 gene to a sequence of DNA 700 nucleotides long, about one - third the size of a typical protein - coding gene.

«Our findings suggest that there may be a universal code for protein sequence - structure relationships, written on the level of local structural fragments,» Grigoryan says.

In brown bears, the sequence of this gene varies from one bear to another, but all the polar bears surveyed have an identical version, with the exact same genetic code at nine variable spots in the gene, about half of which should change the function of the APOB protein.