But the United States still holds the largest share of
proved coal reserves at 27.6 percent, followed by Russia, China, Australia and India.
China's
proven coal reserves are much larger than its proven oil and gas reserves and it imported nearly 51 percent of its oil in 2008.
Considering that America has 22.1 percent of the world's
proven coal reserves, the greatest of any country and enough to last for 381 years at current consumption rates, it is a tragedy that the U.S. can no longer build new, clean, coal - fired power stations to replace its aging fleet of coal plants.Supercritical power plants operate at very high temperatures and pressures, resulting in significantly greater efficiencies than older technologies.
Not exact matches
According to one recent analysis, staying below 2 ° C would require that a third of all
proved reserves of oil, half of all natural gas and 80 percent of
coal remain in the ground.
Burning
proven reserves of
coal, oil and gas would release 2860 Gt.
The Third Number: 2,795 Gigatons This is the amount of carbon already contained in the
proven coal and oil and gas
reserves.
A script pulled out the direct fossil fuel investments using the Carbon Underground 200 that identifies the top 100 public
coal companies globally and the top 100 public oil and gas companies globally, ranked by the potential carbon emissions content of their
proven reserves.
Additionally, Excel had an estimated 500 million tons of
proven and probable
coal reserves.
In March 2011, Barapukuria had a
proven reserve of around 389 million tons of
coal, and the company expects to extract 10 to 20 per cent of the total
reserves through underground mining within the next 30 years.
It states that it has 9 billion tonnes of
proven and probable
coal reserves.
On its website the company states that in 2008 it produced approximately 69.4 million tons of
coal and «controlled approximately 1.75 billion tons of
proven and probable
coal reserves.»
«The majority of
proven coal, oil, and gas
reserves may be considered «unburnable» if global temperature increases are to be limited to two degrees Celsius,» he wrote in a letter to the British parliament's Environmental Audit Committee (PDF) in October, referring to the widely accepted temperature threshold for avoiding the worst effects of climate change.
The latest estimate by the WEC (cited above) lists not only today's «
proven reserves», but also the «inferred possible total resource in place» for oil, gas and
coal.
Such hydrates store more carbon than all the
proven reserves of
coal, oil and gas and could also thaw, UNEP said.
The World Energy Council published a report in 2010, which summarized not only the
proven reserves of all fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and
coal), but also gave estimates for the «inferred possible total resources in place» for these fossil fuels.
ENERGY OVERVIEW
Proven Oil
Reserves (1 / 1 / 02E): 2.9 billion barrels Oil Production (2002E): 818,000 barrels per day (bbl / d), of which about 763,000 bbl / d was crude oil Oil Consumption (2002E): 483,000 bbl / d Net Oil Exports (2001E): 335,000 bbl / d Natural Gas
Reserves (1 / 1 / 02E): 27.5 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) Natural Gas Production (2000E): 1.32 Tcf Natural Gas Consumption (2000E): 1.17 Tcf Net Natural Gas Exports (2000E): 0.15 Tcf
Coal Reserves (2000E): 474 million short tons (Mmst)
Coal Production (2000E): 0.33 Mmst
Coal Consumption (2000E): 1.47 Mmst Electric Generation Capacity (1 / 1 / 00E): 24 gigawatts (GW) Electricity Generation (2000E): 82.8 billion kilowattthours (bkwh); conventional thermal 52 %, hydroelectricity 41 %, nuclear 7 %
yes, 2,795 is the number of gigatons of carbon already contained in the
proven coal and oil and gas
reserves in the hands of fossil - fuel companies and petrostates.
In 112 hours, the sun provides 36 zettajoules of energy — as much energy as is contained in all
proven reserves of oil,
coal and natural gas on this planet
ENERGY OVERVIEW Energy Minister: Ernesto Martens Rebolledo Head of PEMEX: Raul Munoz Leos
Proven Oil
Reserves (1 / 1 / 03E): 12.6 billion barrels (see
Reserves and Production) Oil Production (2002E): 3.6 million barrels per day (bbl / d), of which 3.18 million bbl / d was crude Oil Consumption (2002E): 1.93 million bbl / d Net Oil Exports (2002E): 1.68 million bbl / d Crude Oil Refining Capacity (1 / 1 / 03E): 1.7 million bbl / d Natural Gas
Reserves (1 / 1 / 03E): 8.8 trillion cubic feet (Tcf)(see
Reserves and Production) Natural Gas Production (2000E): 1.33 Tcf Natural Gas Consumption (2000E): 1.38 Tcf Recoverable
Coal Reserves (2000E): 1.3 billion short tons
Coal Production (2000E): 10.86 million short tons
Coal Consumption (2000E): 13.41 million short tons Net
Coal Imports (2000E): 2.55 million short tons Electric Generation Capacity (2000E): 38.9 million kilowatts Net Electricity Generation (2000E): 194.37 billion kilowatthours (bkwh); 74 % thermal, 18 % hydro, 5 % nuclear, 3 % other Net Electricity Consumption (2000E): 182.8 bkwh Net Electricity Imports (2000E): 2.07 bkwh
Vast quantities of
coal —
proven to exist — remain in the ground — but not included on the
reserve tally because they are not economically recoverable at current prices — in part due to the availability of oil and natural gas.
It does so by going beyond the now classic Carbon Tracker analysis (the foundation of McKibben's 2012 article), updating it by focusing not on the entire body of fossil - fuel
reserves, but on the smaller set (roughly 30 % of the «
proven»
reserves) of
reserves that have already been «developed» — the «oil fields, gas fields, and
coal mines that are already in operation or under construction.»
The issue of the bubble arises because the combined
proven oil, gas and
coal reserves currently on the books of fossil fuel companies (and governments in the case of NOCs) will produce far more than this amount of CO2 when consumed.
Shell: «The issue of the bubble arises because the combined
proven oil, gas and
coal reserves currently on the books of fossil fuel companies (and governments in the case of NOCs) will produce far more than this amount of CO2 when consumed.»
Assuming just one third of these deposits become
proven reserves, this adds a further 19GtCO2e to South Africa's domestic
coal consumption.
This matters because there is a huge amount of carbon currently locked up in permafrost, and the methane hydrates alone contain more carbon than all of Earth's
proven reserves of
coal, oil, and natural gas combined.
But in the last decade, the world's commercially viable («
proven») fossil fuel
reserves have increased:
coal reserves have declined, but oil and gas
reserves have more than made up for it.
The International Energy Agency and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have both said that a majority of the world's current,
proven reserves of oil, gas, and
coal must not be burned if we are to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.