Preferred habitat: along streams, edges of woods + + + +
Foliage / winter appearance: deciduous + + + + Soil conditions: loam, clay + + + + Light conditions: dappled shade to partial sun + + + + Plant spacing: 5 to 6 feet + + + + Wildlife value: the fruit is a favorite of many birds; in summer its thick foliage provides good escape and shelter cover, as well as nesting sites, hark often used in nest building; fruit attracts the following birds: Mourning Dove; Red - bellied and Red - headed Woodpeckers, Eastern Kingbird; Blue Jay, Great Crested Flycatcher, Tufted Titmouse, Mockingbird, Gray Catbird, Brown Thrasher, American Robin, Wood, Hermit, Gray - cheeked, and Swanson's Thrushes, Eastern Bluebird, Red - eyed Virea, Yellow - breasted Chat, House and Fox Sparrows, Orchard and Northern Orioles, Scarlet and Summer Tanagers, Cardinal, Purple Finch, American Goldfinch, Rufous - sided
Foliage / winter appearance: deciduous + + + + Soil conditions: loam, clay + + + + Light conditions: dappled shade to partial sun + + + + Plant spacing: 5 to 6 feet + + + + Wildlife value: the fruit is a favorite of many birds; in summer its thick
foliage provides good escape and shelter cover, as well as nesting sites, hark often used in nest building; fruit attracts the following birds: Mourning Dove; Red - bellied and Red - headed Woodpeckers, Eastern Kingbird; Blue Jay, Great Crested Flycatcher, Tufted Titmouse, Mockingbird, Gray Catbird, Brown Thrasher, American Robin, Wood, Hermit, Gray - cheeked, and Swanson's Thrushes, Eastern Bluebird, Red - eyed Virea, Yellow - breasted Chat, House and Fox Sparrows, Orchard and Northern Orioles, Scarlet and Summer Tanagers, Cardinal, Purple Finch, American Goldfinch, Rufous - sided
foliage provides good escape and shelter
cover, as well as nesting sites, hark often used in nest building; fruit attracts the following birds: Mourning Dove; Red - bellied and Red - headed Woodpeckers, Eastern Kingbird; Blue Jay, Great Crested Flycatcher, Tufted Titmouse, Mockingbird, Gray Catbird, Brown Thrasher, American Robin, Wood, Hermit, Gray - cheeked, and Swanson's Thrushes, Eastern Bluebird, Red - eyed Virea, Yellow - breasted Chat, House and Fox Sparrows, Orchard and Northern Orioles, Scarlet and Summer Tanagers, Cardinal, Purple Finch, American Goldfinch, Rufous - sided Towhee
Preferred habitat: wetlands, coastal woods, lowlands, swamp, river terrace, and flood plains + + + +
Foliage / winter appearance: evergreen + + + + Soil coloam, clay, tolerates poor drainage nditions: + + + + Light conditions: shade to partial shade + + + + Plant spacing: 4 to 6 feet + + + + Wildlife value:
provides cover + + + + Note: slow growing