In earlier grades, word identification fluency (
WIF) is also a strong predictor of early reading ability, but again, not a perfect one (Fuchs, Fuchs, & Compton, 2004; Schatschneider, 2006) This means that screening instruments that rely on single measures such as ORF or
WIF will
provide fairly good information about student performance, but alone they can't
provide information at levels needed for an effective RTI process (> 90 % sensitivity; > 80 % specificity).