To analyze whether baseline psychosocial variables can be used to predict weight change up to a 12 - month follow - up examination in children and adolescents who attend a «best - practice» routine - care lifestyle intervention, we conducted a longitudinal analysis with 3 assessment waves: at baseline (T0: within 3 weeks before the start of the intervention) body weight and height of participants and family members and
the psychosocial family characteristics were assessed; at the conclusion of the program (T1: 1 year after T0) and 1 year after conclusion (T2: 2 years after T0), body weights and heights of participants were reassessed.
We calculated χ2 statistics, t tests, and correlation coefficients to analyze the bivariate associations between each potential predictor variable (anthropometric and
psychosocial family characteristics) and the 2 criteria of long - term weight change: success versus failure in weight reduction up to the 12 - month follow - up and weight change between the conclusion of treatment and the 12 - month follow - up.
Not exact matches
We found evidence for the role of
psychosocial characteristics of
families in long - term weight - reduction and maintenance outcomes.
Depression and attachment insecurity of the primary caregiver and more distal
family adversity factors (such as incomplete schooling or vocational training of parents, high person - to - room ratio, early parenthood, and broken - home history of parents) were found to best predict inadequate parenting13, 14 and precede the development of a child's low compliance with parents, low effortful control, and behavior problems.13, 15, — , 17 These
psychosocial familial
characteristics might also constrain the transfer of program contents into everyday
family life and the maintenance of modified behaviors after the conclusion of the programs.
But research has failed to establish substantial causal linkages between low
family income and children's
psychosocial outcomes; indeed, other
characteristics of low - income
families appear to be more important.
A range of childhood
psychosocial risk factors have been associated with depression, including
characteristics of the child (eg, behavioral and socioemotional problems, poor school performance),
characteristics of the parents (eg, parent psychopathology, rejecting or intrusive behavior), and
family circumstances (eg, the loss of a parent, physical or sexual violence,
family discord).12 - 15 However, it has not been shown decisively whether these risks distinguish juvenile from adult - onset MDD.
However, other HIV - related health factors, traditional background
characteristics, and
psychosocial measures (e.g., HIV stigma, parenting stress,
family environment) failed to indicate who was most vulnerable.
During the transition, elements of children's QOL improved, and the amount of improvement was predicted by children's
psychosocial (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms); medical (i.e., prepump regimen, illness duration); and demographic (i.e., child and parent age, number of adults in home)
characteristics, but not by
family environment.