Sentences with phrase «public health costs from»

At the same time, the evidence for large - scale public health costs from continued coal use is there.

The research is part of a larger effort by Harvard and Columbia to provide local stakeholders with an effective tool to assess the public health costs from fires and guide policy decisions.

Not exact matches

Evidence from other countries is compelling that better organization and management can increase the productivity of public health - care delivery in Canada, yielding better outcomes at lower cost.

Whereas estimates from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and Living Costs and Food Survey are broadly comparable (123 mL / adult / day versus 168 mL / person / day), the British Soft Drinks Association's figures are threefold to fourfold higher.48 61 The level and pattern of consumption will determine the magnitude of the public health effects of a sugar sweetened drinks tax, as well as its effect on health inequalities.

(Sunoco hired Weinberg Group, a «product defense» agency) Should cost - benefit analysis be employed, or should the govt only consider public health (not the $ 800,000 an hour in revenue industry generates from the sale of BPA)?

Views are particularly polarised in the United States, with interventions and costs of hospital births escalating and midwives involved with home births being denied the ability to be lead professionals in hospital, with admitting and discharge privileges.5 Although several Canadian medical societies6 7 and the American Public Health Association8 have adopted policies promoting or acknowledging the viability of home births, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists continues to oppose it.9 Studies on home birth have been criticised if they have been too small to accurately assess perinatal mortality, unable to distinguish planned from unplanned home births accurately, or retrospective with the potential of bias from selective reporting.

The deal, which would affect approximately 54,000 Public Employees Federation members statewide, calls for three years of annual 2 percent wage hikes, compounded, and no increase in health care costs, according to news releases from the governor and the union.

ENDS Notes to Editors UK Alcohol duty context For a short video summary of the issues around alcohol pricing, please visit: https://vimeo.com/191959217 Following heavy lobbying from the alcohol industry, the last four Budgets have seen real terms cuts in alcohol duty Alcohol is 60 % more affordable than it was in 1980 — the alcohol duty escalator, introduced in 2008, which ensured that duty rose above inflation, helped mitigate this trend, but this progress has reversed since the duty escalator was scrapped in 2013 In real terms, spirits duty has halved, and wine duty fallen by a quarter since 1978 - 9 The Government estimates suggest that the duty cuts since 2013 will cost the Exchequer # 2.9 billion over four years The University of Sheffield estimated that an additional 6,500 people would be hospitalised each year as a result of the alcohol duty cuts in 2015 The report The report was peer reviewed by academic experts the fields of economics, public health and public policy prior to publication.

Combining data from four different databases to look at injury occurrence and reporting in the Philadelphia Fire Department, researchers from the Firefighter Injury Research & Safety Trends (FIRST) program of Drexel's Dornsife School of Public Health discovered that, once injuries were more accurately coded, the difference in workers» compensation costs was as much as $ 1 million for some injuries.

On one hand, we need to acknowledge that individuals bear some responsibility for their health, and on the other hand recognise that today's food environments exploit people's biological (eg, innate preference for sweetened foods), psychological (eg, marketing techniques), and social and economic (eg, convenience and cost) vulnerabilities, making it easier for them to eat unhealthy foods,» explains Dr Christina Roberto, from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healthhealth, and on the other hand recognise that today's food environments exploit people's biological (eg, innate preference for sweetened foods), psychological (eg, marketing techniques), and social and economic (eg, convenience and cost) vulnerabilities, making it easier for them to eat unhealthy foods,» explains Dr Christina Roberto, from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthHealth, USA.

I extracted data from the medical literature, conducted interviews with experts, and learned to program models to assess the costs and benefits of science - based public health interventions.

The new findings, from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, the Harvard Global Health Institute, and the London School of Economics, suggest that common explanations as to why healthcare costs are so high — such as the notions that the U.S. has too many doctor visits, hospitalizations, procedures, and specialists, and spends too little on social services that could mitigate healthcare needs — may be wrong.

And coal disappears from the map if you add the environmental and public health costs associated with various energy sources (the third map), including a $ 62 per metric ton price on carbon dioxide emissions.

The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health - led research also suggests that employing local community health educators instead of more formally educated nurses to counsel young at - risk mothers could be cost effective and provide badly needed jobs to high school graduates from the same impoverished communHealth - led research also suggests that employing local community health educators instead of more formally educated nurses to counsel young at - risk mothers could be cost effective and provide badly needed jobs to high school graduates from the same impoverished communhealth educators instead of more formally educated nurses to counsel young at - risk mothers could be cost effective and provide badly needed jobs to high school graduates from the same impoverished communities.

One additional concern some experts raise is that the bills leave some matters vague: For example, neither bill defines what an «unreasonable» risk would actually mean besides barring the EPA from factoring in regulation costs, says Adam Finkel, a professor of environmental health at the University of Michigan School of Public Hhealth at the University of Michigan School of Public HealthHealth.

In a 2015 report published in PLOS ONE, a team from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that Lyme disease costs the U.S. healthcare system between $ 712 million and $ 1.3 billion a year in return doctor visits and testing.

A single foodborne outbreak could cost a restaurant millions of dollars in lost revenue, fines, lawsuits, legal fees, insurance premium increases, inspection costs and staff retraining, a new study from researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health suggests.

This study, published today in JAMA, distinguishes spending on public health programs from personal health spending, including both individual out - of - pocket costs and spending by private and government insurance programs.

In a 2015 report published in PLOS ONE, a team from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that Lyme disease costs the U.S. health - care system between $ 712 million and $ 1.3 billion a year in return doctor visits and teHealth found that Lyme disease costs the U.S. health - care system between $ 712 million and $ 1.3 billion a year in return doctor visits and tehealth - care system between $ 712 million and $ 1.3 billion a year in return doctor visits and testing.

Overall, the capacity of the American public health and health care delivery systems faces many challenges.281 The cost of dealing with current health problems is diverting resources from preventing them in the first place.

Vaccines are amongst the safest and most cost - effective measures that we have to improve public health and protect from disease and it is vital that we achieve high vaccination rates to prevent the return of the many and terrible diseases that they prevent,» he said.

In terms of human health, the report estimates $ 74.6 billion a year in public health burdens in Appalachian communities, with a majority of the impact resulting from increased healthcare costs, injury and death.

Air and water pollution from fossil fuel extraction and use have high costs in human health, food production, and natural ecosystems, killing more than 1,000,000 people per year and affecting the health of billions of people [232], [234], with costs borne by the public.

General thinking may be, too, that it's more cost - effective, from a public - health standpoint, to vaccinate girls only.

Yet the United States already bears costs from our broken education system, including higher crime rates, additional expenses for health - care and public - assistance programs, and lost tax revenue as well as the untold costs of telling generations of children in chronically under - resourced, low - performing schools: «You don't matter!»

It is of interest, then, that the American public tends to look favorably on a proposal that would require teachers «to pay from their salaries 20 percent of the cost of their health care and pension benefits, with the government covering the remainder.»

With Günther Fink from the Harvard [T.H. Chan] School of Public Health, I've developed a new measure for the 0 — 3 age range that uses caregivers» reports of children's motor, language, cognitive, social, and emotional skills to capture these complex processes in fast, cost - effective ways.

Risks and uncertainties include without limitation the effect of competitive and economic factors, and the Company's reaction to those factors, on consumer and business buying decisions with respect to the Company's products; continued competitive pressures in the marketplace; the ability of the Company to deliver to the marketplace and stimulate customer demand for new programs, products, and technological innovations on a timely basis; the effect that product introductions and transitions, changes in product pricing or mix, and / or increases in component costs could have on the Company's gross margin; the inventory risk associated with the Company's need to order or commit to order product components in advance of customer orders; the continued availability on acceptable terms, or at all, of certain components and services essential to the Company's business currently obtained by the Company from sole or limited sources; the effect that the Company's dependency on manufacturing and logistics services provided by third parties may have on the quality, quantity or cost of products manufactured or services rendered; risks associated with the Company's international operations; the Company's reliance on third - party intellectual property and digital content; the potential impact of a finding that the Company has infringed on the intellectual property rights of others; the Company's dependency on the performance of distributors, carriers and other resellers of the Company's products; the effect that product and service quality problems could have on the Company's sales and operating profits; the continued service and availability of key executives and employees; war, terrorism, public health issues, natural disasters, and other circumstances that could disrupt supply, delivery, or demand of products; and unfavorable results of other legal proceedings.

As public health ministries become accustomed to CombiMatrix's technology, there is a possibility that CBMX could win a large contract anywhere from $ 10m to $ 100m could be awarded to CombiMatrix based on an average cost of the CBMX's «in - house» oligo array automated system, which costs around $ 200 - 300k per unit plus additional fees for customizable chips.

- to provide refuge for homeless animals and animals in need and coordinate their placement in permanent and safe home environments; - to provide education through publications, seminars, and discussions to the general public on animal health and welfare, behavior and care including the benefits of spaying and neutering; - to provide information and referrals to affordable and low cost medical care including spay & neuter clinics and other animal medical and care facilities; - to provide information on training, behavior modification and general handling instruction along with referrals to vetted and certified professionals in these areas; - to liaise and network with other animal rescue organizations as part of a mutual effort to aid animals in distress; - to solicit donations and funding from government agencies, corporations, private foundations, public charities, individuals and the general public at large to finance the medical, housing and other incidental costs of homeless animals while in the custody of the organization; - to organize and participate in fundraisers to benefit furtherance of the overall main purpose and goals of the organization; - to have the normal functions, operations, programs and pursuits incidental to a fully recognized and operational nonprofit animal rescue organization.

But, as a 1996 article in The American Journal of Public Health points out, the incident was truly extraordinary in its scale: «the previously reported record for treatment resulting from exposures to a single rabid animal was 70 persons; that treatment cost $ 105,790 and was associated with a rabid dog in California.»

From the $ 30 specialty plate fee, $ 22 goes to the Texas Department of Health to make grants to eligible organizations that sterilize animals owned by the general public at minimal or no cost.

APS, like the vast majority of fossil - fueled electric utilities, refuses to recognize the enormous costs of pollution to public health (17 - 27 cents / kWh for coal according to Dr. Paul Epstein from Harvard), the hidden costs of leaking coal ash ponds, and the looming costs of climate change, drought and extreme weather.

Overall, the capacity of the American public health and health care delivery systems faces many challenges.281 The cost of dealing with current health problems is diverting resources from preventing them in the first place.

Expansion of renewable, non-combustion energy resources helps protect people from air pollutants and contributes to significant savings in public health costs.

Once public anxiety rose, activists demanded that the ash be dug up and moved «somewhere else,» regardless of the cost, which could be in the billions — and regardless of the fact that detected levels of chromium - 6 (and other metals) do not pose health risks and come from natural rock formations, as well as from coal.

Will the rules be shaped by the public - health standards that have traditionally guided EPA, or by cost - benefit analysis from OIRA?

Aside from the significant climate benefits and long - term cost savings shown by this study, landfills which capture methane are safer and less of a public health hazard than those which do not.

Leaks from the negotiations suggest it could include encourage cost - benefit analysis of environmental policies, threatening regulatory measures in areas such as genetically modified life forms, which can pose serious but not easily quantifiable risks to public health and the planet.

«In terms of human health, the report estimates $ 74.6 billion a year in public health burdens in Appalachian communities, with a majority of the impact resulting from increased healthcare costs, injury and death.

The Obama administration claimed the CPP would only cost $ 8.4 billion and deliver public health and climate benefits ranging from $ 14 to $ 34 billion by 2030.

The public health costs of pollution from coal operations in Appalachia amount to a staggering $ 75 billion a year

In China, the report says, fossil fuels impose $ 1,790 bn in health costs from air pollution, more than 18 times what the nation pays to oil, gas and coal producers, helping to fuel a public health crisis that is already causing 1.6 million premature deaths every year.

The «protectionist instincts» that I and others have are (1) to protect the independence of the bar (sure to be lost eventually under nonlawyer ownership), (2) to protect the health of the legal marketplace (sure to be badly harmed by the cartelization of ABS (see the 5 % commissions charged by the cartel of real estate agencies who still control the vast majority of the realty market, and especially see the ridiculously high costs of dealing with the American title insurance industry where four companies have upwards of 87 % of the conveyancing and title insurance market after first decimating the real estate bar with predatory pricing and other unfair business practices)-RRB-, and (3) to protect the public from those ravages.

Second, it is clear from the chapter on clinical negligence claims that he was very concerned about the effect of CFAs and ATE on the public purse: ``... this huge area of public expenditure must be kept under proper control, so that the resources of the health service are not being squandered unnecessarily on litigation costs.»

About one in ten change their stance from oppose to favor after hearing that the public health insurance option could help drive down costs because private insurers would be competing with the public plan (13 percent), provide more choice to people getting insurance through the ACA marketplaces (11 percent), or be the only health insurance option for people living in areas where private health insurance companies may not be offering coverage through the ACA marketplaces (11 percent).

How do I handle requests for such references?Thank you so much for your help!CherylCHERYL M. EARLE3407 Old Dobbin Road, Montgomery, Alabama 36116 - 1903Home Phone: [phone] Cell Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] E-mail: [email protected] position managing legal discovery and document review with opportunity to assist attorneys with civil litigationBAR ADMISSIONAlabama State Bar, 1999LAW - RELATED EXPERIENCELaw Firm, AlabamaResearch Attorney for Special Projects, Mass Torts Department, November 2001 — February 2008 • Managed Multi-District Litigation (MDL) Document Depository (September 2002 to February 2008) o Reviewed more than 1 million pages of evidentiary documents for litigation purposes and for inclusion in electronic databaseso Coordinated document review assignments with attorneys at local depository and at other sites across the USo Retrieved, reviewed and coded documents in Concordance and Summation legal databaseso Prepared memoranda and spreadsheets providing detailed analysis of discovery materials • Aided attorneys and support staff with processing and preparation of personal injury claims and litigationo Conducted legal research and drafted pleadingso Conducted supplementary online research for additional documents and information pertinent to litigationo Assisted with preparation of correspondence to clients and referring attorneyso Contacted clients for additional information needed in case preparation, litigation, and potential settlementso Prepared and input case intakes and referrals into databaseLaw School, AlabamaStudent Intern, Alabama Disabilities Advocacy Program (ADAP), August 1996 — June 1997 • Participated in law school clinical program under third - year law student practice rule (as authorized by Alabama Supreme Court) o Assisted attorneys and advocates in cases involving mentally ill patients confined to state mental health facilitieso Interviewed clients in person (at state facilities) and over the phoneo Worked with clients, attorneys, and social workers to investigate and resolve issues concerning involuntary confinement and treatmento Aided in legal research on an appellate brief submitted to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (ruling granted in favor of our client) Faculty Research Assistant for Library Services, Bounds Law Library, March 1996 — June 1997 • Prepared research and teaching materials for law school faculty; worked 20 hours per week while matriculating 10 - 15 hours per semester) o Investigated copyright issues related to procuring and reproducing texts for academic useo Conducted legal research using WESTLAW, LEXIS and the InternetADDITIONAL RELEVANT EXPERIENCEManufacturing Company (MC), Montgomery, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant and Cost Analyst, Materials Purchasing Department, April 1999 — September 2001 • Assisted materials buyers in negotiating and preparing commodities contracts between raw materials suppliers and MC for manufacturing plants in the US and Mexicoo Assisted Legal Department at MC's corporate headquarters with coordination and preparation of documents for litigationo Notified and educated suppliers about MC's freight - on - board policy and its corresponding Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) provisions; result was the reduction of freight claims for both the company and its supplierso Prepared contracts and purchase orders for raw materials and capital projects involving plant maintenanceo Solicited price quotations from current vendors and established Excel spreadsheet format which simplified quote submission process and allowed MC to track and compare usage volumes and costs over timeo Prepared and analyzed cost reports used by materials buyers and production planners in purchasing decisions, including cost reductions, materials consolidation, and selection of vendorso Acted as liaison between vendors and the Purchasing, Transportation and Accounting Departments on issues concerning inbound freight, commercial carriers, and payment terms for commodities, resulting in reductions in freight costs and greater payment discounts for raw materialso Established online databases and printed directories for the Purchasing Department, allowing buyers to have easier and faster access to current vendor informationo Completed Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance project, which involved data collection and communication with MC's past, present, and potential materials suppliers and service providersNot - For - Profit Organization, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Combined Federal Campaign, September 1998 — January 1999 • Aided Campaign Director with 1998 Federal Campaigns (CFCs) in City 1 and City 2, which together generated nearly $ 700,000 for more than 1,000 local, national and international charitieso Prepared weekly reports on donations using WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, Excel and dBase IVo Wrote script for Talent Showcase at City 1's 1998 CFC Kickoffo Assisted Director with merger of the City 1 and City 2 CFCs in 1999Regional Bank, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Year 2000 (Y2K) Department, March — June 1998 • Worked with Vice President of Corporate Projects on short - term project for the bank's Y2K Departmento Analyzed and processed data on Y2K readiness for all branches of Bank throughout the southeastern USo Organized meetings for personnel of Banko Communicated with vendors of computer hardware, software, and office equipment to request information on Y2K complianceo Prepared compliance files for Federal Reserve auditso Prepared in - house memoranda and reports using Microsoft Word and ExcelRecord / Music Promotion Company, AlabamaRecord Pool Co-Founder; Office Manager, September 1990 — December 1991 • Co-founded record pool to enhance promotion of music in Alabama and the southeastern USo Procured and distributed records from major and independent labels for club, radio and mobile disc jockeyso Coordinated jointly sponsored promotional events with record companies, radio stations and clubso Designed, wrote, and published bi-weekly reports and brochures to inform the music industry of the progress and popularity of music and performers in the region, with specific focus on the Alabama music sceneMajor University, AlabamaGraduate Research Assistant, AUM Department of Marketing, June 1989 — August 1990 • Worked 13 - 20 hours per week as a research assistant to Marketing faculty while carrying a full course load in the MBA programo Analyzed consumer surveys used in academic researcho Assisted Conference Chairperson with coordination for Atlantic Marketing Association (AMA) annual meeting (October 1989) o Co-authored five - year index and classification of AMA Proceedings (published Fall 1991) EDUCATIONLaw School, AlabamaJuris Doctor (JD), 1997 • Scholarshipso Seybourn H. Lynne Scholarship, 1996 - 97o Dexter C. Hobbs Memorial Scholarship, 1995 - 96o E. W. Godbey Memorial Scholarship, 1994 - 95 • Honorso Who's Who Among American Law School Students, 1996 - 94o Arthur Davis Shores Award, 1997 • Activitieso Frederick Douglass Moot Court Team Manager, 1996 - 97 Southern Regional Competition, Second Place National Competition, Eighth Placeo John A. Campbell Moot Court Competition, Spring 1996o Black Law Students Association Delegate, BLSA National Convention, 1997 Co-Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1996 - 97 Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1995 - 96 BLSA President's Award, 1996 and 1997o American Bar Association, 1996 - 97 Entertainment and Sports Industries Forum Intellectual Property Section Law Student Divisiono LAWS Student Group Leader, 1995 - 96Major University, AlabamaMaster of Business Administration (MBA), 1990Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (B.S.B.A.), 1988 (Major: Marketing — Advertising and Promotion Track) • Honorso Dean's List • Activitieso National Student Advertising Competition Team, 1988 - 90 Seventh District Competition: Third Place, 1990o Marketing Club, 1987 - 90 Vice President — Career Development, 1988 - 89o Public Relations / Advertising (PR / AD) Club, 1988 - 90 Charter Member, 1988 Active in fund - raising and membership driveso Theater Guild, 1988 - 90 Screening Committee, 1989REFERENCESAvailable upon reqCost Analyst, Materials Purchasing Department, April 1999 — September 2001 • Assisted materials buyers in negotiating and preparing commodities contracts between raw materials suppliers and MC for manufacturing plants in the US and Mexicoo Assisted Legal Department at MC's corporate headquarters with coordination and preparation of documents for litigationo Notified and educated suppliers about MC's freight - on - board policy and its corresponding Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) provisions; result was the reduction of freight claims for both the company and its supplierso Prepared contracts and purchase orders for raw materials and capital projects involving plant maintenanceo Solicited price quotations from current vendors and established Excel spreadsheet format which simplified quote submission process and allowed MC to track and compare usage volumes and costs over timeo Prepared and analyzed cost reports used by materials buyers and production planners in purchasing decisions, including cost reductions, materials consolidation, and selection of vendorso Acted as liaison between vendors and the Purchasing, Transportation and Accounting Departments on issues concerning inbound freight, commercial carriers, and payment terms for commodities, resulting in reductions in freight costs and greater payment discounts for raw materialso Established online databases and printed directories for the Purchasing Department, allowing buyers to have easier and faster access to current vendor informationo Completed Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance project, which involved data collection and communication with MC's past, present, and potential materials suppliers and service providersNot - For - Profit Organization, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Combined Federal Campaign, September 1998 — January 1999 • Aided Campaign Director with 1998 Federal Campaigns (CFCs) in City 1 and City 2, which together generated nearly $ 700,000 for more than 1,000 local, national and international charitieso Prepared weekly reports on donations using WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, Excel and dBase IVo Wrote script for Talent Showcase at City 1's 1998 CFC Kickoffo Assisted Director with merger of the City 1 and City 2 CFCs in 1999Regional Bank, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Year 2000 (Y2K) Department, March — June 1998 • Worked with Vice President of Corporate Projects on short - term project for the bank's Y2K Departmento Analyzed and processed data on Y2K readiness for all branches of Bank throughout the southeastern USo Organized meetings for personnel of Banko Communicated with vendors of computer hardware, software, and office equipment to request information on Y2K complianceo Prepared compliance files for Federal Reserve auditso Prepared in - house memoranda and reports using Microsoft Word and ExcelRecord / Music Promotion Company, AlabamaRecord Pool Co-Founder; Office Manager, September 1990 — December 1991 • Co-founded record pool to enhance promotion of music in Alabama and the southeastern USo Procured and distributed records from major and independent labels for club, radio and mobile disc jockeyso Coordinated jointly sponsored promotional events with record companies, radio stations and clubso Designed, wrote, and published bi-weekly reports and brochures to inform the music industry of the progress and popularity of music and performers in the region, with specific focus on the Alabama music sceneMajor University, AlabamaGraduate Research Assistant, AUM Department of Marketing, June 1989 — August 1990 • Worked 13 - 20 hours per week as a research assistant to Marketing faculty while carrying a full course load in the MBA programo Analyzed consumer surveys used in academic researcho Assisted Conference Chairperson with coordination for Atlantic Marketing Association (AMA) annual meeting (October 1989) o Co-authored five - year index and classification of AMA Proceedings (published Fall 1991) EDUCATIONLaw School, AlabamaJuris Doctor (JD), 1997 • Scholarshipso Seybourn H. Lynne Scholarship, 1996 - 97o Dexter C. Hobbs Memorial Scholarship, 1995 - 96o E. W. Godbey Memorial Scholarship, 1994 - 95 • Honorso Who's Who Among American Law School Students, 1996 - 94o Arthur Davis Shores Award, 1997 • Activitieso Frederick Douglass Moot Court Team Manager, 1996 - 97 Southern Regional Competition, Second Place National Competition, Eighth Placeo John A. Campbell Moot Court Competition, Spring 1996o Black Law Students Association Delegate, BLSA National Convention, 1997 Co-Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1996 - 97 Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1995 - 96 BLSA President's Award, 1996 and 1997o American Bar Association, 1996 - 97 Entertainment and Sports Industries Forum Intellectual Property Section Law Student Divisiono LAWS Student Group Leader, 1995 - 96Major University, AlabamaMaster of Business Administration (MBA), 1990Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (B.S.B.A.), 1988 (Major: Marketing — Advertising and Promotion Track) • Honorso Dean's List • Activitieso National Student Advertising Competition Team, 1988 - 90 Seventh District Competition: Third Place, 1990o Marketing Club, 1987 - 90 Vice President — Career Development, 1988 - 89o Public Relations / Advertising (PR / AD) Club, 1988 - 90 Charter Member, 1988 Active in fund - raising and membership driveso Theater Guild, 1988 - 90 Screening Committee, 1989REFERENCESAvailable upon reqcost reports used by materials buyers and production planners in purchasing decisions, including cost reductions, materials consolidation, and selection of vendorso Acted as liaison between vendors and the Purchasing, Transportation and Accounting Departments on issues concerning inbound freight, commercial carriers, and payment terms for commodities, resulting in reductions in freight costs and greater payment discounts for raw materialso Established online databases and printed directories for the Purchasing Department, allowing buyers to have easier and faster access to current vendor informationo Completed Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance project, which involved data collection and communication with MC's past, present, and potential materials suppliers and service providersNot - For - Profit Organization, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Combined Federal Campaign, September 1998 — January 1999 • Aided Campaign Director with 1998 Federal Campaigns (CFCs) in City 1 and City 2, which together generated nearly $ 700,000 for more than 1,000 local, national and international charitieso Prepared weekly reports on donations using WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, Excel and dBase IVo Wrote script for Talent Showcase at City 1's 1998 CFC Kickoffo Assisted Director with merger of the City 1 and City 2 CFCs in 1999Regional Bank, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Year 2000 (Y2K) Department, March — June 1998 • Worked with Vice President of Corporate Projects on short - term project for the bank's Y2K Departmento Analyzed and processed data on Y2K readiness for all branches of Bank throughout the southeastern USo Organized meetings for personnel of Banko Communicated with vendors of computer hardware, software, and office equipment to request information on Y2K complianceo Prepared compliance files for Federal Reserve auditso Prepared in - house memoranda and reports using Microsoft Word and ExcelRecord / Music Promotion Company, AlabamaRecord Pool Co-Founder; Office Manager, September 1990 — December 1991 • Co-founded record pool to enhance promotion of music in Alabama and the southeastern USo Procured and distributed records from major and independent labels for club, radio and mobile disc jockeyso Coordinated jointly sponsored promotional events with record companies, radio stations and clubso Designed, wrote, and published bi-weekly reports and brochures to inform the music industry of the progress and popularity of music and performers in the region, with specific focus on the Alabama music sceneMajor University, AlabamaGraduate Research Assistant, AUM Department of Marketing, June 1989 — August 1990 • Worked 13 - 20 hours per week as a research assistant to Marketing faculty while carrying a full course load in the MBA programo Analyzed consumer surveys used in academic researcho Assisted Conference Chairperson with coordination for Atlantic Marketing Association (AMA) annual meeting (October 1989) o Co-authored five - year index and classification of AMA Proceedings (published Fall 1991) EDUCATIONLaw School, AlabamaJuris Doctor (JD), 1997 • Scholarshipso Seybourn H. Lynne Scholarship, 1996 - 97o Dexter C. Hobbs Memorial Scholarship, 1995 - 96o E. W. Godbey Memorial Scholarship, 1994 - 95 • Honorso Who's Who Among American Law School Students, 1996 - 94o Arthur Davis Shores Award, 1997 • Activitieso Frederick Douglass Moot Court Team Manager, 1996 - 97 Southern Regional Competition, Second Place National Competition, Eighth Placeo John A. Campbell Moot Court Competition, Spring 1996o Black Law Students Association Delegate, BLSA National Convention, 1997 Co-Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1996 - 97 Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1995 - 96 BLSA President's Award, 1996 and 1997o American Bar Association, 1996 - 97 Entertainment and Sports Industries Forum Intellectual Property Section Law Student Divisiono LAWS Student Group Leader, 1995 - 96Major University, AlabamaMaster of Business Administration (MBA), 1990Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (B.S.B.A.), 1988 (Major: Marketing — Advertising and Promotion Track) • Honorso Dean's List • Activitieso National Student Advertising Competition Team, 1988 - 90 Seventh District Competition: Third Place, 1990o Marketing Club, 1987 - 90 Vice President — Career Development, 1988 - 89o Public Relations / Advertising (PR / AD) Club, 1988 - 90 Charter Member, 1988 Active in fund - raising and membership driveso Theater Guild, 1988 - 90 Screening Committee, 1989REFERENCESAvailable upon reqcost reductions, materials consolidation, and selection of vendorso Acted as liaison between vendors and the Purchasing, Transportation and Accounting Departments on issues concerning inbound freight, commercial carriers, and payment terms for commodities, resulting in reductions in freight costs and greater payment discounts for raw materialso Established online databases and printed directories for the Purchasing Department, allowing buyers to have easier and faster access to current vendor informationo Completed Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance project, which involved data collection and communication with MC's past, present, and potential materials suppliers and service providersNot - For - Profit Organization, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Combined Federal Campaign, September 1998 — January 1999 • Aided Campaign Director with 1998 Federal Campaigns (CFCs) in City 1 and City 2, which together generated nearly $ 700,000 for more than 1,000 local, national and international charitieso Prepared weekly reports on donations using WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, Excel and dBase IVo Wrote script for Talent Showcase at City 1's 1998 CFC Kickoffo Assisted Director with merger of the City 1 and City 2 CFCs in 1999Regional Bank, AlabamaAdministrative Assistant, Year 2000 (Y2K) Department, March — June 1998 • Worked with Vice President of Corporate Projects on short - term project for the bank's Y2K Departmento Analyzed and processed data on Y2K readiness for all branches of Bank throughout the southeastern USo Organized meetings for personnel of Banko Communicated with vendors of computer hardware, software, and office equipment to request information on Y2K complianceo Prepared compliance files for Federal Reserve auditso Prepared in - house memoranda and reports using Microsoft Word and ExcelRecord / Music Promotion Company, AlabamaRecord Pool Co-Founder; Office Manager, September 1990 — December 1991 • Co-founded record pool to enhance promotion of music in Alabama and the southeastern USo Procured and distributed records from major and independent labels for club, radio and mobile disc jockeyso Coordinated jointly sponsored promotional events with record companies, radio stations and clubso Designed, wrote, and published bi-weekly reports and brochures to inform the music industry of the progress and popularity of music and performers in the region, with specific focus on the Alabama music sceneMajor University, AlabamaGraduate Research Assistant, AUM Department of Marketing, June 1989 — August 1990 • Worked 13 - 20 hours per week as a research assistant to Marketing faculty while carrying a full course load in the MBA programo Analyzed consumer surveys used in academic researcho Assisted Conference Chairperson with coordination for Atlantic Marketing Association (AMA) annual meeting (October 1989) o Co-authored five - year index and classification of AMA Proceedings (published Fall 1991) EDUCATIONLaw School, AlabamaJuris Doctor (JD), 1997 • Scholarshipso Seybourn H. Lynne Scholarship, 1996 - 97o Dexter C. Hobbs Memorial Scholarship, 1995 - 96o E. W. Godbey Memorial Scholarship, 1994 - 95 • Honorso Who's Who Among American Law School Students, 1996 - 94o Arthur Davis Shores Award, 1997 • Activitieso Frederick Douglass Moot Court Team Manager, 1996 - 97 Southern Regional Competition, Second Place National Competition, Eighth Placeo John A. Campbell Moot Court Competition, Spring 1996o Black Law Students Association Delegate, BLSA National Convention, 1997 Co-Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1996 - 97 Chairperson, Public Relations Committee, 1995 - 96 BLSA President's Award, 1996 and 1997o American Bar Association, 1996 - 97 Entertainment and Sports Industries Forum Intellectual Property Section Law Student Divisiono LAWS Student Group Leader, 1995 - 96Major University, AlabamaMaster of Business Administration (MBA), 1990Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (B.S.B.A.), 1988 (Major: Marketing — Advertising and Promotion Track) • Honorso Dean's List • Activitieso National Student Advertising Competition Team, 1988 - 90 Seventh District Competition: Third Place, 1990o Marketing Club, 1987 - 90 Vice President — Career Development, 1988 - 89o Public Relations / Advertising (PR / AD) Club, 1988 - 90 Charter Member, 1988 Active in fund - raising and membership driveso Theater Guild, 1988 - 90 Screening Committee, 1989REFERENCESAvailable upon request

Existing SNHV trials show relatively modest effects (effect sizes of 0.2 — 0.4 SDs) for outcomes such as child mental health and behaviour, and cognitive and language development, from infancy to mid - childhood.19 While effect sizes of 0.25 — 0.3 SDs can be meaningful and impactful at the whole of population level, 59 targeted public health interventions such as SNHV include a cost and intensity such that larger effects in the short - to - medium term might be necessary to justify implementation at a population level.

«The potential economic returns from such health benefits are substantial but have not always been included in benefit - cost analyses or in policy debates regarding public investments in early childhood development programs.»

From laws that require birth certificates for birth control, to regulations that prevent universities and nonprofit health care organizations from purchasing and providing low - cost contraceptives to patients, public health is approaching a critical crossroFrom laws that require birth certificates for birth control, to regulations that prevent universities and nonprofit health care organizations from purchasing and providing low - cost contraceptives to patients, public health is approaching a critical crossrofrom purchasing and providing low - cost contraceptives to patients, public health is approaching a critical crossroads.