I have included a section on how
pumped hydro power can be used to balance the generation of wind power on my Sustainable Energy page.
Latest news from Europe is that companies providing
pumped hydro power in Germany and other countries are trying to sell off or mothball these assets because they are not profitable due to subsidies paid for «renewables».
Not exact matches
Today, there is also a growing interest in small
hydro facilities such as small dams that generate less than 10 megawatts of
power and
pumped storage hydroelectric plants.
- 1 x Medical and nutritional consultaion - 2 x Personal training - 1 x Polynesia body treatment - 1 x Cold marine body ritual - 1 x Facial prodige des oceans - 1 x St. Barth harmony massage - 3 x Entry to the thalassotherapy pool, hamam, sauna - Complimentary wellness / fitness evaluation - Complimentary attendance to group classes, including yogalates, fit ball, Thalasso kinetics, Pilates, athletic sessions, Body
Pump, balance training, flow stretching, hips and abs, upper body &
power yoga (subject to change)- Complimentary access to fitness facilities and
hydro facilities, including indoor swimming pool, relaxation room, hamam & sauna
- 1 x Rejuvenation consultation with nutritionist - 1 × St. Barth head & foot relaxing massage - 2 ×
Hydro bath with essential oils - 1 × Relaxing massage with essential oils - 1 × Shower affusion relaxing - 1 × St Barth elasticity body mask - 1 × St.Barth softness massage - 1 × Thalgo prodige de ocean - 1 x Thalgo beauty flash facial - 5 x Personal training gym sessions - Daily entrance to the thalassotherapy pool, hamam, sauna - Rejuvenation consultation with nutritionist - Complimentary wellness / fitness evaluation - Complimentary attendance to group classes, including yogalates, fit ball, Thalasso kinetics, Pilates, athletic sessions, Body
Pump, balance training, flow stretching, hips and abs, upper body &
power yoga (subject to change)- Complimentary access to fitness facilities and
hydro facilities, including indoor swimming pool, relaxation room, hamam & sauna
This means that gas
powered plants can no longer compete and some are about to get shut down, we even need less
pumped hydro plants and some are about to get shut down.
I remarked that Wikipedia says that energy storage worldwide in
pumped hydro alone is 127GW (that is 127,000,000,000 Watts) of
power and 740TWh (that is 740,000,000,000,000 Wh) of energy in storage.
It is one of the few
hydro -
power stations in Australia to include
pumped hydro in which water is
pumped from the lower Jounama Pondage to the upper Talbingo Reservoir when electricity is plentiful and cheap, so that it can flow back down through the turbines to generate more electricity at times of higher demand.
Well, I don't usually discuss them because I'm focused on applications that don't (necessarily) need inverters:
power → gas / liquid fuel, on - supply
pumping (irrigation, water supply, etc.), on - supply desalination, even
pumped hydro storage could us DC
pumps, although I'm not sure whether the economics would work.
To give an idea of what this means: the most optimistic estimation of Europe's total potential for
pumped hydro -
power energy storage is 80 TWh [35], while converting all 250 million passenger cars in Europe to electric drives with a 30 kWh battery would result in a total energy storage of 7.5 TWh.
A wide variety of energy storage options are available today for the stationary
power market; capacitors, compressed air,
pumped hydro, flywheels and rechargeable batteries are all vying for a stake in the emerging role of energy storage.
A veteran of the U.S. Submarine Service (one hitch) and a degreed Electrical Engineer (U.T. Knoxville — 1968 — three peer - reviewed IEEE papers published), I spent most of my career designing, building and commissioning electric
power generating plants including
hydro,
pumped storage, coal fired, natural gas, nuclear (both PWR and BWR), geothermal, wood - waste, and landfill gas.
I said 99 % of global electricity storage capacity is
pumped hydro, not 99 % of global renewable
power.
Therefore, intermittent renewables are not a suitable source of
power for
pumped hydro, except in a few special, extraordinary cases --(such as El Heiro island where they have a 700 m high extinct volcano crater providing a large upper reservoir, good wind resource and are replacing high - cost diesel generation.)
It considers the 1/2 hourly demand in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) in 2010 with all generation to be from a PV
power station at a single location where the output profile is known in detail and a
pumped hydro energy storage.
For
pumped hydro to be viable it needs cheap, reliable
power supply in off peak times (every day of the year).
Pumped hydro is enormously expensive and much more expensive if used for storing energy from intermittent renewable energy supplies as distinct from reliable baseload supplies when
power is cheap (midnight to 6 am) for release during the day, regularly almost every day of the year.
An electricity grid
powered b y mostly nuclear
power (like France) with some
pumped hydro and some gas for peaking, abates more CO2 than a mostly renewable energy
powered grid, and does so ant about 1/3 the abatement cost.
Contrast this with the area of reservoirs required if
pumped hydro energy storage was used: Assuming two reservoirs with vertical separation of 100 m and 10 m active storage depth in each, we'd need with 300 square kilometres of reservoirs to
power NYC for 3 days.
Wind with
pumped hydro energy storage is about 30 times more costly than nuclear to provide reliable dispatchable
power.
Batteries continue to get better all the time, and even simpler solutions such as
hydro power from an enclosed system where the wind (when it's blowing) is used to
pump water into storage reservoirs at the top of a hill or mountain or storage tank, and then when there's demand for
power but no wind, the water is drained down to a bottom storage space and
hydro power is generated from the falling water.
New storage projects are in the news all over, including a 10 - MW battery coupled to a Southern California Edison gas turbine; a multi-kilowatt flywheel that will store four hours of
power for Hawaiian Electric; and a proposed 393 - MW
pumped hydro project in southern Oregon's Klamath basin that faces opposition from local tribes.
Combining
pumped hydro and wind
power could make Kangaroo Island a very serious source of electricity, including base - load electricity.
In areas where abundant
hydro capacity and water to
power it are not available, the only way to solve this problem is to build very extensive
pumped storage facilities to generate «artificial»
hydro power.
The Prosper - Haniel hard coal mine in the German state of North Rhine - Westphalia will be converted into a
pumped hydro storage site for excess renewable
power when it closes next year, announced Governor Hannelore Kraft in March.
This means more use of batteries,
pumped hydro -
power, solar - thermal with storage, possibly things like using excess electricity to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen and storing that until it is needed.
According to the ISO, in 1990, the region saw nuclear
power as the dominant generating source, at 36 %, followed by oil at 34 %, coal at 16 %,
hydro at 7 %, natural gas at 6 %, and
pumped storage at 1.7 %.
On this page... Bio-voltaic Biogas Biomass Coal Contents Diesel
powered generators Fuel cells Geothermal Greenhouse gasses Hot dry rock
Hydro Micro
hydro Natural gas No level playing field Notes Nuclear footnote Nuclear fusion Nuclear, conventional Nuclear, fast Oil Petrol
powered generators
Power generating costs, comparative
Pumped hydro Solar chimney Solar photovoltaic — large - scale Solar photovoltaic — small - scale Solar thermal Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Top War time Wave Wind - large Wind - small
Olympic Dam is connected to the eastern Australian
power grid and it has an excellent solar
power resource, so the
pumped -
hydro could be combined with a major solar
power station.
Coal and nuclear
power generation don't need a second system like
pumped hydro, mythical mega-batteries -LSB-...]
When I was with the utility in the 1980's, we got our
power from an integrated system of
hydro, wind, supercritical gas boilers, photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal,
pumped storage, fuel cells, nuclear units, landfill gas, anaerobic digestion, and even the emergency generators of the customers dispatched directly by the utility.
In the case of El Hierro, unlike most of the existing
pumped storage systems worldwide, the reservoir has been created artificially just for storage purposes, instead of using an existing
hydro power plant with a typical dam on a river used to create the reservoir.
If much more wind
power is developed, we will have to look at sustainable methods of generating electricity, including
pumped hydro -
power.
Of course developing
pumped hydro has its own cost, but
power that can be generated on demand and at short notice receives high prices in a supply and demand based
power system, so it could prove to be economically justified.
To make the
power system work I'd have
pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage and battery storage to spread the energy across the demand periods.
A more environmentally friendly way of generating
power at peak load is
pumped hydro.
Pictured at the right is one of a very few
hydro -
power stations combined with
pumped -
hydro energy storage currently in Australia (it is in NSW, not South Australia).
Conventional
pumped hydro systems use vertically separated reservoirs to utilize the
power of water and gravity; during times of low demand (off peak), water is
pumped using excess energy from the lower to the upper reservoir.
If the price of wind
power falls far enough and my estimates of new
pumped hydro costs are correct, then by the end of the decade, for CF = 32 % wind sites near suitable land to be sacrificed for
pumped hydro, such wind + storage solutions will become price competative with nuclear.
Or, we could use that
hydro - generated electricity to
power a
pump and
pump that water up into a water tower, turning the electrical energy back into potential energy.
With losses of
pumped hydro it would be expected that
hydro would deliver little no net
power.
Thus
hydro,
pumped hydro and NG generation would be used when nation wide wind and solar
power generation is lower than demand, but used at a low capacity factor (10 %).
If tomorrow we suddenly replaced 30GW of existing coal fired
power -LRB-(20GWav) with 60GW wind (20GWav) but retained the present 15GW NG and 8GW
hydro (1,5 GW av) how much additional
pumped storage capacity and how large total storage would be required?
Actually,
hydro power lakes are currently
pumping up coal and nuclear
power every single night to be able to produce more
power during day time!
Reduced run - off into
hydro -
power catchments in recent years is a major problem for the operators of
hydro -
power stations, but it could to some extent be overcome by developing
pumped recycling of the limited water in the system.
Some excess energy can be sent elsewhere (interstate in the case of South Australia), but this is limited by the capacity of the
power interconnectors, some can be stored in batteries, some in
pumped hydro systems, and some can be converted to hydrogen.
Pumped - storage
hydro -
power is a part of the answer; heat storage in solar - thermal plants is another part, techniques like the reversible formation of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen (experimental and not shown on the graph) could be another part.
What is needed for an efficient
pumped -
hydro system suitable for short - notice balancing
power supply and demand?
The calculations assumed an efficiency of 85 % for the
pump and the same for the
hydro -
power generator.
I know of no new development of
pumped - storage
hydro in Australia aimed specifically at balancing the grid since wind
power has become a major component of our
power supply; apparently using gas - fired
power stations to fill in the gaps when the wind isn't blowing are a cheaper option in the short - term.