Some excess energy can be sent elsewhere (interstate in the case of South Australia), but this is limited by the capacity of the power interconnectors, some can be stored in batteries, some in
pumped hydro systems, and some can be converted to hydrogen.
Conventional
pumped hydro systems use vertically separated reservoirs to utilize the power of water and gravity; during times of low demand (off peak), water is pumped using excess energy from the lower to the upper reservoir.
The pumped hydro systems last 100 years.
Building
a pumped hydro system results in much less environmental damage than building conventional hydro because the storages can be much smaller and pumped hydro can be recharged as often as needed.
Not exact matches
Wind and / or solar with
pumped -
hydro and gas backup could bid for this if such a generating
system could meet all the requirements.
Batteries continue to get better all the time, and even simpler solutions such as
hydro power from an enclosed
system where the wind (when it's blowing) is used to
pump water into storage reservoirs at the top of a hill or mountain or storage tank, and then when there's demand for power but no wind, the water is drained down to a bottom storage space and
hydro power is generated from the falling water.
Coal and nuclear power generation don't need a second
system like
pumped hydro, mythical mega-batteries -LSB-...]
When I was with the utility in the 1980's, we got our power from an integrated
system of
hydro, wind, supercritical gas boilers, photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal,
pumped storage, fuel cells, nuclear units, landfill gas, anaerobic digestion, and even the emergency generators of the customers dispatched directly by the utility.
In the case of El Hierro, unlike most of the existing
pumped storage
systems worldwide, the reservoir has been created artificially just for storage purposes, instead of using an existing
hydro power plant with a typical dam on a river used to create the reservoir.
Of course developing
pumped hydro has its own cost, but power that can be generated on demand and at short notice receives high prices in a supply and demand based power
system, so it could prove to be economically justified.
To make the power
system work I'd have
pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage and battery storage to spread the energy across the demand periods.
Currently the only operational MES
system is
pumped hydro.
Reduced run - off into
hydro - power catchments in recent years is a major problem for the operators of
hydro - power stations, but it could to some extent be overcome by developing
pumped recycling of the limited water in the
system.
What is needed for an efficient
pumped -
hydro system suitable for short - notice balancing power supply and demand?
Some storage would be helpful, especially
pumped hydro, but when there are local UK wind shortfalls, in addition to all the usual backup available from the rest of the grid
system, what about importing power via a super-grid, shifting demand peaks by interactive load management, and using biomass - fired backup?
The water could also be steam
pumped to an elevated storage
system and gravity feed
hydro could supplement the generators.
The mall will provide visitors with access to over 1,500 global brands and 80,000 products, featuring items such as the Google Pixel 2, the Oculus Rift Touch VR
System, iPhone X and even adrenaline -
pumping toys like the
hydro jet that allows you to hover above the sea.