Since the density
of pure water ice is ca. 920 kg / m3, and that of sea water ca. 1025 kg / m3, typically, around 90 % of the volume of an iceberg is under water, and that portion's shape can be difficult to surmise from looking at what is visible above the surface.
The debate continues, but a new finding shows that its outermost moon, Hydra, is coated with
nearly pure water ice.
The deposits are exposed in cross section as
relatively pure water ice, capped by a layer one to two yards (or meters) thick of ice - cemented rock and dust.
Golombek helped SpaceX whittle its list to a handful of sites, including Arcadia Planitia and Deuteronilus Mensae, which show signs of having
pure water ice buried beneath a thin layer of soil.
It was also clear from Galileo's data that there is something other than
pure water ice on the trailing hemisphere's surface.
The debate has focused on what that other something is — i.e., what has caused the spectroscopic data to deviate from the signature
of pure water ice.
For example, Jupiter's moon Io, whose density is 3.5 grams per cubic centimetre, is all rock, whereas some of Saturn's moons, whose densities are 1.2 grams per cubic centimetre, are
nearly pure water ice.
Using the Keck II telescope on Mauna Kea, they first mapped the distribution of
pure water ice versus anything else on the moon.