Note, however, that in the ENRC decision, on the facts of that case it was determined that litigation privilege would not apply to material created for the dominant
purpose of litigation where it was intended that the document would be shown to the other side.
Litigation privilege (which was expressly not considered in the Walter Lilly case) is slightly different in that it applies to communications both between a lawyer and client, and between either the lawyer, the client and a third party, made for the dominant
purpose of litigation where litigation is pending, reasonably contemplated or existing.
Not exact matches
It covers confidential communications between a lawyer and his or her client, or a lawyer or client and a third party (such as a witness
of fact, an expert witness or a consultant)
where the dominant
purpose is advising on, or obtaining evidence in relation to, actual or contemplated
litigation.
These tasks are made exponentially more difficult in group
litigations,
where both the defendants and the claimants may have grounds for considering themselves the «winner» for the
purposes of cost allocation.
The judge found that for the
purpose of a claim to
litigation privilege
where criminal proceedings are said to have been contemplated, the party claiming privilege must have uncovered evidence
of wrongdoing (so as to reasonably contemplate prosecution, rather than an investigation) before proceedings could be said to be in reasonable contemplation.
«The cases, no doubt, establish that such documents are protected
where they have come into existence after
litigation commenced or in contemplation, and
where they have been made with a view to such
litigation, either for the
purpose of obtaining advice as to such
litigation, or
of obtaining evidence to be used in such
litigation, or
of obtaining information which might lead to the obtaining
of such evidence.»
The eDisclosure Information Project is a blog by Chris Dale, a UK - based e-discovery expert who provides commentary about the rules, the technology and the practice
of eDiscovery / eDisclosure in the UK, the US and any jurisdiction
where the discovery
of electronic documents is required for civil
litigation or for regulatory
purposes through his blog.
These were the decisions in the celebrated Sportelli
litigation, probably the most important case on valuation and enfranchisement since 1967; another decision that establishes that a head lease can be a qualifying lease for flat lease extension
purposes; a decision on the scope
of the landlord's right to resist claims
where the current lease has less than five years to run and the landlord needs possession in order to redevelop and yet another decision on the correct approach to be taken in determining whether a building is a house or not.
This privilege applies to all communications that are made in the course
of or in contemplation
of litigation where the dominant
purpose of the communication is the pending
litigation.
In fact, the involvement
of lawyers is not always required
where the communicator or document is made or prepared for the
purposes of litigation.
In this regard, in summary,
litigation privilege exists in evidence: (i) which is confidential; (ii) which is produced in circumstances
where litigation is either in progress or
where there is a reasonable prospect
of litigation at the time the document was created; and (iii) for which the principle
purpose at the time
of creation
of the evidence
of its author, or
of the person or body under whose direction it was produced, must be to use it in order to obtain legal advice, or to assist in
litigation.
[243]
Where counsel becomes actively involved in arranging treatment, or in treatment decisions, or in selection
of treatment providers to the extent that it becomes difficult or impossible to determine whether any particular doctor is involved for treatment
purposes, or to advise counsel, the protective cloak
of litigation privilege becomes tattered.
Furthermore,
where a party asserts
litigation privilege over documents with dual or multiple
purposes, they must take great care to establish that the
litigation is the dominant
purpose in any evidence they provide in support
of their claims.
I navigate these various decisions and guidelines by working in collaboration with my clients as to various ways to claim their respective inventions (e.g., claiming non-natural claim elements
where needed to illustrate patentably eligible subject matter, or alternatively looking for appropriate arguments that meet the USPTO's guidelines), proper development
of a patent specification that can be used for prosecution and
litigation purposes (e.g., good actual, prophetic and comparative examples to illustrate the novelty and nonobviousness
of the invention while still maintaining a broad claim scope
of protection for future enforcement), and continual review
of the client's patent landscape (via competitive and white space analyses and updates) to look for additional IP opportunities.
Where a
litigation strategy detracts from the primary
purpose of an organisation, something has gone wrong.