Sentences with word «pymt»

Malanchi and colleagues reported in Figures 3A and S13A that POSTN does not affect the size of the primary tumors, but MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − mice develop significantly fewer metastases than their Postn + / + counterparts (Malanchi et al., 2012).

Inhibition of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in breast cancers of PyMT mice induces senescence.

The studies reported in the present study demonstrate that Slc6a14 plays an important role in promoting the development and growth of PyMT - driven and Neu - driven mammary tumours in mice.

RNA was extracted from Slc6a14 + / + and Slc6a14 − / − tumours from PyMT - Tg mice.

We found the transporter expression to be undetectable in wild - type mammary gland but up - regulated in PyMT - induced tumours (Figure 2A).

At 3 months of age, all Slc6a14 + / + females with PyMT transgene developed tumours in multiple mammary glands which grew to sizes of 2000 — 2500 mm3 at 4 months of age (Figure 2B).

However, when crossed with PyMT - Tg mice or MMTV / Neu (mouse mammary tumour virus promoter - Neu)- Tg mice, the development and progression of breast cancer were markedly decreased on Slc6a14 − / − background.

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a. Do not use MMTV - PyMT female mice for breeding as they develop mammary tumors.

We then assessed the consequences of Slc6a14 deletion on PyMT - driven breast cancer in these mice.

The expression profiles of 13 different amino acid transporters in lung and colon tissues from wild - type and Slc6a14 − / − mice and also in Slc6a14 + / + tumours and Slc6a14 − / − tumours from age - matched PyMT - Tg mice were monitored by reverse transcriptase (RT)- PCR.

We examined the expression of Slc6a14 in breast tumours obtained from 4 - month - old PyMT - Tg female mice and in mammary glands obtained from age - matched wild - type female mice.

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Additionally, they examine MMTV - PyMT control or POSTN null mice to test the effect of POSTN on primary tumor growth and metastasis (Figures 3A, 3B, and S13; Malanchi et al., 2012).

The MDC researchers therefore studied mice which carried the breast cancer gene PyMT.

With 12 different amino acid transporters examined by RT - PCR, none of the transporters differed in expression between PyMT - driven tumours with Slc6a14 + / + and Slc6a14 − / − backgrounds (result not shown).

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This experiment will also generate lung tissue from MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / + female mice that are positive with metastatic disease for use in Protocol 2.

Tumours from PyMT - Slc6a14 − / − mice showed markedly reduced Ki67, mTOR phosphorylation and HIF1α (Figure 3A).

Female mice carrying the MMTV - PyMT transgene that are either Postn + / + or Postn − / − will be examined for changes in primary tumor size and the number of spontaneously formed pulmonary macrometastases, which is a replication of the experiment reported in Figures 3A, 3B, and Supplemental Figure 13.

This experiment examines the requirement of POSTN in metastatic colonization using the MMTV - PyMT mouse model.

Furthermore, the growth of PyMT - driven breast tumours was markedly reduced on Slc6a14 − / − background compared with Slc6a14 + / + background (Figure 2C).

Breed MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / − or MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − male mice with Postn + / + and Postn − / − female mice to obtain MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / + control and MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − experimental female mice, respectively.

The functional necessity of POSTN was investigated by observing the pulmonary metastatic potential in POSTN - knockout MMTV - PyMT mice, which showed a statistically significant decrease compared to controls (Malanchi et al., 2012).

◯ Number of pulmonary macrometastases in MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / + mice relative to MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − mice.

b. For generation of the MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − experimental female mice, male MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − male mice will be crossed with Postn − / − female mice.

Immediately after counting macrometastasis, use the first six lungs identified from MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / + female mice that are positive with metastatic disease for further analysis (Protocol 2).

2) The two repeated experiments analyze the source of POSTN expression in the lung and whether it affects the number / size of primary and secondary tumor formation in a spontaneous mouse model of breast cancer (MMTV - PyMT).

c. For generation of the MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / + control female mice, the MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / − male mouse will be crossed to Postn + / + female mice to obtain MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / + male mice that will then be crossed with Postn + / + female mice.

Monitor MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn + / + and MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − female mice for tumor development and keep until tumor disease is fully developed and the metastatic disease is estimated to occur.

Figures 3A, 3B, and Supplemental Figure S13 examine the role of POSTN in primary tumor formation and metastasis utilizing a MMTV - PyMT mouse model of mammary tumor formation.

MMTV - PyMT + / tg; Postn − / − mice and their Postn + / + counterparts were analyzed for primary tumor formation and metastasis.

(B) Representative images of the excised tumours and lung metastatic nodules (black arrows) from 4 - month - old Slc6a14 + / + / PyMT mice and Slc6a14 − / − / PyMT mice.

Mammary tumours from PyMT / Slc6a14 + / + and PyMT / Slc6a14 − / − mice were preserved in 10 % buffered formalin.

PyMT - Tg (Polyoma middle T oncogene - transgenic) mice and MMTV / Neu - Tg (mouse mammary tumour virus promoter - Neu - transgenic) mice were from Jackson Laboratories.

PyMT - Tg female mice typically develop tumours at the age of ~ 10 weeks.

We also performed microarray analysis of PyMT - Slc6a14 + / + and PyMT - Slc6a14 − / − mammary tumours to evaluate the expression of amino acid transporters without any biased preconception of the identity of the transporters that might be subject to changes in expression in association with Slc6a14 deletion.

(C) Combined data for the growth of mammary tumours in Slc6a14 + / + / PyMT (WT) mice and Slc6a14 − / − / PyMT (KO) mice; data are means ± S.E.M. for all mammary glands in eight mice in each group.

(A) Demonstration of Slc6a14 mRNA up - regulation in PyMT - driven mammary tumours in mice; N, mammary tissue from wild - type mice; T, mammary tumour tissue from PyMT - Tg mice.

Therefore, we expected that PyMT - driven mammary tumours in Slc6a14 − / − mice would exhibit a decrease in cell proliferation, mTOR signalling and HIF1α.

PyMT - Tg mice develop breast cancer spontaneously at ~ 10 weeks of age [19].

In 4 - month - old PyMT - Slc6a14 + / + mice, metastatic nodules were detectable in the lung but there was no metastasis in age - matched PyMT - Slc6a14 − / − mice (Figure 2B).