Sentences with phrase «quantitative estimates»

Neither paper has made quantitative estimates of future scenarios for the freshwater potential associated with the various components (evaporation, precipitation, ice melt).

The method is useful because it provides quantitative estimates instead of probabilities.

«This research has allowed us to obtain the first quantitative estimates of long - term airborne spore transmission frequencies for different outbreak scenarios.

There is considerable confidence that Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate change, particularly at continental and larger scales.

Although the Southern Ocean was suspected to play a large role in carbon absorption, this is the first quantitative estimate based on observations.

If you need to do a comparison across programs you must first compute something called «spend per free night / ticket» because that provides a more quantitative estimate of the cost of awards for each program, since it takes into account the earn and spend sides of the mile / point equation.

«Late - and Postglacial Climatic Change in the Northern Midwest, USA: Quantitative Estimates Derived from Fossil Pollen Spectra by Multivariate Statistical Analysis.»

«[A] quantitative estimate of how much that gas disrupts the balance between incoming radiation from the sun and outgoing radiation reflected from the Earth's surface.

Dr Søren Brage (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge), joint senior author on the study says: «Providing quantitative estimates regarding the dose - response relationship is essential for approximating how changes in levels of physical activity in the general population would impact disease incidence, and would support more nuanced guidance to the public and evidence - based dialogue in clinical settings.»

Several MR methods have been proposed over the last decade to obtain quantitative estimates of the tissue blood oxygen saturation (StO2) using a quantification of the blood oxygen level dependent

There are many quantitative estimates given, often based on the Bekenstein Bound, limiting the information which can be encoded in a quantum system of given size.

Uncertainties on both global temperature and CO2 reconstructions preclude deriving robust quantitative estimates from the available PETM data.»

[II] Quantitative estimates represent aggregate, ex ante projects developed in conjunction with WSP USA, a professional services firm.

Sampson UK, Perati RR, Prins PA, Pham W, Liu Z, Harell F, Linton MF, Gore JC, Kon V, Fazio S. Quantitative estimates of variability of in vivo ultrasound imaging measurements of mouse aorta important for studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms and related arterial diseases.

Losses accelerate with greater warming (limited evidence, high agreement), but few quantitative estimates have been completed for additional warming around 3 °C or above.

In the long term, the PAGES 2k community recommends the continued development of methods that incorporate network, observational, and chronological uncertainty into quantitative estimates of past climate variability, including approaches that allow for quantitative calibration and validation of low - frequency variability.

In view of the comparatively limited state of knowledge and understanding of rapid ice sheet dynamics, we continue to think that it is not yet possible to make reliable quantitative estimates of future GMSL rise outside the likely range.

The use of ensemble simulations has enabled quantitative estimates regarding the sources of uncertainty in projections of regional climate changes (Rowell, 2006 (Errata); Déqué et al., 2005, 2007; Beniston et al., 2007; Frei et al., 2006; Graham et al., 2007).

The analysis method was fully documented in Hansen and Lebedeff (1987), including quantitative estimates of the error in annual and 5 - year mean temperature change.

At best, we can say that the temperature effects of a new MM will probably be minor, and leave more quantitative estimates in the realm of speculation.

We examined the likely impact on the overall pooled relation between breastfeeding and blood pressure of also including the five potentially eligible studies that did not provide quantitative estimates (table 1).

Obtaining quantitative estimates of the Earth system sensitivity is therefore a high priority for future work.

Most arctic scientists are aware of the interaction of multiple feedbacks that are not fully resolved by climate models, and thus support the need for major improvements before models can be used for quantitative estimates for the timing of future changes.

to map land - use from archaeological and historical data, and expert - based quantitative estimates of variables related to the land - use categories (LU)

«What this all suggests is that the level of precision at which a speaker chooses to convey a quantitative estimate — as «seven days» versus «one week» — signals to message recipients the magnitude of error around the estimate they should expect,» says Mason.

A new study provides one of the first quantitative estimates of the methane leak rate from the blowout of a natural gas well in California in 2015, suggesting that emissions from this event temporarily doubled those from all other sources in the entire Los Angeles Basin, including landfills, dairies, and other leaks.

The first quantitative estimates of the Aliso Canyon well blowout reveal that it released more than 100,000 tons of the powerful greenhouse gas methane.

I am happy that we succeeded in providing a quantitative estimate of the effect of air pollutant on surface solar radiation in interaction with wind,» says Changgui Lin, the leading author of the article and researcher at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg.

The goal now is to determine how our quantitative estimates can be used to build predictive models.»

We addressed this issue by providing quantitative estimates of the fitness consequences of human - mediated hybridization using parentage assignment.

We show how the maintained consensus about the quantitative estimate of a central scientific concept in the anthropogenic climate - change field — namely, climate sensitivity — operates as an «anchoring device» in «science for policy».

Quantitative estimates of the variability of in vivo sonographic measurements of the mouse aorta for studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms and related arterial diseases.

But our quantitative estimate of that permafrost and the warming that might give are not very quantitatively accurate at the moment.

The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today.