The importance
of these insights for a proper understanding
of central banks» devices for monetary control becomes instantly apparent once one realizes that, by regulating the actual
quantity of its outstanding notes and deposit balances, together with the terms upon which it is willing to make more
of the last available on credit to private sector financial firms, a central bank is able to influence, not just the
quantity of circulating
paper money, but the
quantity of money substitutes created by the private sector.