Sentences with phrase «rdna gene segments»

At the molecular level, RNA can bind DNA to deactivate gene segments, bind other RNA or it can bind proteins, activating or deactivating them.

It may be difficult to do taxonomy in the rapidly opening world of microorganisms, where bacteria routinely swap gene segments, he says, but the answer is not for scientists to throw up their hands.

It has multiple hosts and can evolve by mutation but also reassortment (when two closely related strains infect the same host and exchange gene segments, producing new strains — a process distinct from mutation, when the RNA of a virus is miscoded during replication).

June's team also wants to knock out two gene segments that encode different portions of the protein that makes up a T cell's primary receptor so that the engineered NS - ESO - 1 receptor will be more effective.

By developing a new technique for labeling the gene segments of influenza viruses, researchers now know more about how influenza viruses enter the cell and establish cell co-infections — a major contributing factor to potential pandemic development.

Influenza gene segments visualized in cells during replication.

The cell nuclei are in grey and the influenza gene segments are labeled as dots with a particular color.

The Münster immunologists found a test - tube alternative for this, too: they used the molecular biological method of genome editing to systematically «cut out» the gene segment relevant for VLA4 and produce the appropriate «deficient» immune cells.

While the cell is in the process of copying its genetic material, the new DNA would then replace a nearly identical existing gene segment in the cell, changing it slightly.

Background mutation rates by this method is ∼ 1 base - exchange per 1,000 bases sequenced (based on sequences of constant region gene segments).

«You can make inferences, ideally, about what role each gene segment might have,» explains the Broad Institute's Yozwiak, «and that would be useful, but making larger leaps about its phenotype in people or any other reservoir species, that's a lot harder to do.»

From this they generated new cells in which the vector was integrated into any one of thousands of gene segments — with each segment glowing green when it was activated, or «switched on.»

The times to the most recent common ancestors for the Belgian and Australian G1P [8] rotaviruses ranged from 1846 to 1955 depending on the gene segment, with VP7 and NSP4 resulting in the most recent estimates.

Our collaborative influenza projects: 1) characterizing the temporal and spatial evolutionary dynamics of the IAV and IBV circulating globally in humans and wild birds, 2) identifying the IAV genotypes circulating in pigs at county fairs (swine - human interface) to determine if fairs produce novel reassortants or enable zoonosis / reverse zoonosis, 3) determining if specific internal gene segment constellations enhance viral fitness, 4) detecting epistatic interactions between gene segments, and 5) assessing the impact of inter-hemispheric migration of viruses / gene segments.

The human T cell receptor beta (TRB, previously known as TCRB) gene locus on chromosome 7 (7q34) includes 65 Vb (variable) gene segments, followed by two separate clusters of genes each containing a Db (diversity) gene, several Jb (joining) genes, and a Cb (constant) region spread over 685 kilobases.

The NTRK fusions involved a gene segment encoding a tyrosine kinase domain.

For example, during T - cell development genes encoding the TRB molecules are assembled from multiple polymorphic gene segments that undergo rearrangements and selection, generating Vb — Db — Jb combinations that are unique in both length and sequence.

Here, we generate a robust molecular phylogeny for 70 primate genera and 367 primate species based on a concatenation of 69 nuclear gene segments and ten mitochondrial gene sequences, most of which were extracted from GenBank.

Of 38 other breeds examined, only Labrador cousins flat - coat retrievers were missing the same gene segment.

The study, co-led by Mats Nilsson (Stockholm University / SciLifeLab) provides new strategies for evaluating how new mutations affect pathogenicity and identifying properties that enable or restrict influenza gene segment reassortment that give rise to to -LSB-...]

However, areas of low diversity around gene segments might also be produced by other evolutionary mechanisms.

Further, we have a keen interest in developing innovative methods for antibody modeling and design (Willis, J.; et al.; «Human germline antibody gene segments encode polyspecific antibodies»; PLoS Comput Biol; 2013; 9; 100304).

Not exact matches

«The services segment will grow between 13 per cent and 20 per cent per year over the next five years driven by continued growth in existing services along with new, innovative services,» Gene Munster, co-founder of Loup Ventures and a veteran Apple analyst, wrote in an email following the results on Tuesday.

Experiments proved that Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1), a sort of protective switch against some types of cellular stress, could bind to the TTR gene's promoter (a segment of DNA near the TTR gene).

Certain DNA segments «code for» or build proteins, and those segments are indeed called genes.

Using gene - sequencing technology, researchers established that the precise segment of the pup's DNA «switched on» by the act of grooming was the part that controlled the future function of the hippocampus, which processes stress hormones.

The DNA segments that carry genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the expression of genetic information.

Current research shows that so - called «orphan genes» may appear as if by magic as a result of mutations in segments of DNA that previously had no function.

Some argued that the genes implicated in the disease promoted creativity; others believed that schizophrenics were frustrated cult leaders — unorthodox thinkers constitutionally «engineered» to lead segments of humanity to break off from the herd, but who lacked the charisma to effect much change.

Harris and Peter Ratcliffe, also at the IMM, discovered the genetic switches, which they call «hypoxia - responsive elements» (HREs), in segments of DNA known as regulatory genes.

Because the segment of DNA that they studied isn't associated with a gene that conveys an obvious benefit to the deer, any mutations that arise over time neither help nor hurt the creature's survival.

The scientists then scanned the samples using microarray technology, which cuts genetic material into segments to provide a snapshot of which genes are active and which are asleep inside the cells.

Fragile X occurs when a segment in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome called the CGG triplet repeat is lengthened from the normal 5 to 40 repeats to 200 repeats in people with full mutation FXS.

Developed by Harvard geneticist George Church, a modified E. coli strain provides what's known as codon security: Biosensors can't spill their tweaked genes into the ecosystem because a segment of their genetic code has been made incompatible with all living organisms.

The pilot project tested a dozen or so of the most commonly used gene promoters (regions of DNA that facilitate gene transcription) and segments of DNA that encode ribosome - binding sites (sequences of messenger RNA that control protein translation) to determine whether they behave consistently in different cellular contexts.

In 1993, geneticist Dean Hamer co-published a study claiming male homosexuality was at least partially genetic, and he identified the chromosome segment where one of the relevant genes was located.

The cut DNA is then either left as - is, silencing it, or repaired by using the gene editor to slip in a new, functioning segment.

To trace the gene's evolutionary history in humans, the team sequenced a segment of DNA that includes ACTN3 in 96 people from Europe, Asia, or Africa.

First described in the 1990s — a discovery that led to the 2006 Nobel Prize — RNAi is a process by which organisms suppress the expression of target genes through the action of small RNA segments that bind to corresponding gene sequences.

Here, segments of RNA known as transcripts — derived from specific DNA genes — hold vital clues regarding health.

The segment contains several genes, one of which raises the risk of autism.

By studying rare «copy number variations,» which are individual errant insertions or deletions of DNA segments (each of which occur in less than one percent of the population), researchers discovered a new cluster of genes that are affected in some autistic individuals as well as a number of mutations that were present in autistic children but not their parents.

«This methodology is very important because it allows you to very quickly integrate almost any piece of DNA in these vectors,» remarks Bellen, who says this technology also allows scientists to put single point mutations in a gene and then reinsert the gene into a genome as well as tagging a segment of DNA with fluorescent markers.

The readability of genes is controlled by epigenetic factors, namely factors which do not influence the gene sequence directly, but rather cause certain genes and chromosomal segments to be packed in different densities — and thus make them accessible for reading.

These microbes essentially keep mug shots of dangerous viruses in their DNA, storing snippets of viral genes between certain repeated segments of their own genes in a natural biological process known as CRISPR, for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.

Furthermore, large segments of chromosome 11 and several other chromosomes were reshuffled like a deck of cards, drastically altering the arrangement of the genes.

The technique introduces modified segments of nucleic acid from the gene that produces the nicotine demethylase enzyme.

Researchers used the CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technique to introduce a segment of a human gene causing Huntington's, with a very long glutamine repeat region, into pig fibroblast cells.

Research from other scientists at Johns Hopkins, he says, had suggested that some tumors, particularly those that affect the nervous system, have mutations in the ATRX gene, which produces proteins that appear to maintain the length of telomeres, repetitive segments of DNA on the ends of chromosomes that typically shorten each time a cell divides.

The researchers also investigated the impact of aneuploidy on other biological pathways, such as transcription, the first stage of gene expression in which a segment of DNA is copied into RNA.