The primary constructs within the hypothesized framework are: (1) social position variables — characteristics that are used within societies to hierarchically stratify groups (race, gender, socioeconomic status); (2) parenting variables — familial mechanisms that may influence African American adolescents well - being, perceptions of competence, and attitudes towards others in various contexts (e.g., parenting
practices and
racial socialization messages); (3)
racial discrimination — negative racially driven experiences that may influence feelings of competence, belongingness, and self - worth; (4) environmental / contextual factors — settings and surroundings that may impede or promote healthy identity development (e.g., academic settings); and (5) learner characteristics — individual characteristics that may promote or hinder positive psychological adjustment outcomes (e.g.,
racial identity, coping styles).
Among African American adolescents, parenting
practices and
racial socialization have been discussed as two primary familial mechanisms that may influence the development of individual characteristics such as coping styles, self - esteem, self - concept (Harris - Britt et al. 2007; Neblett et al. 2008), which has implications for the development of impostor phenomenon (Clance and Imes 1978; Li et al. 2014).