The absence of correlation for temperature decrease and CO2 decrease means that the process is not reversible as it would be, if associated to less
radiation absorption by CO2.
Based on measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux,
radiation absorption by plants, crop yields and a model simulating the terrestrial biosphere, a multinational team of researchers has found that during July and August 2003, 500 million tonnes of carbon escaped from the forests and fields across Europe as a result of extreme heat and drought.
Not exact matches
Referred to as the Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR), this value is a measure of the amount of
radiation absorbed
by the body when a device is at its maximum power.
This calculation method enabled us to more accurately perform theoretical prediction of IMFP compared to the experimental value, which was obtained
by applying spectrometry (extended X ‐ ray
absorption fine structure spectrometry) to low - speed electrons of Copper and molybdenum at the high - brilliant synchrotron
radiation facility, and to explain the relationship between energy measurement and the types of materials.
Secondly, the design leads to small — aperture vacuum chambers that result in low vacuum conductance and the need for distributed pumping as well as for the distributed
absorption of heat deposited
by the synchrotron
radiation.
The cooling mechanism involves the
absorption of heat
by the haze particles, which then emit infrared
radiation, cooling the atmosphere
by radiating energy into space.
There are contributions from interstellar matter, from the three - degree - Kelvin background
radiation left over from the early history of the universe, from noise that is fundamentally associated with the operation of any detector and from the
absorption of
radiation by the earth's atmosphere.
In terms of the foreseeable technological developments on the earth, the cost per photon and the amount of
absorption of
radiation by interstellar gas and dust, radio waves seem to be the most efficient and economical method of interstellar communication.
Obviously CO2 is not just a lid on the atmosphere so there must be some effect of the vertical gradient (even if small), and since it depends on the
absorption and reemission of
radiation, there must be some effect
by latitude.
DefenderShield Phone Case — Independently tested
by the FCC, this phone case uses conductive, non-conductive and advanced
absorption shielding materials together to block, divert, and absorb EMFs, Radio Frequency (RF) and heat
radiation.
So I agree with William, the cooling effect at the top of the atmosphere requires that the atmosphere be absorbing some incoming
radiation (and that this
absorption be (mostly)
by non-greenhouse gasses).
My own prediction is that, as temperatures fail to increase over the next five years, attention will turn to Ray Ladbury's «bite» — the resonant
absorption of outgoing
radiation by CO2 and H2O in the
radiation spectrum viewed from space.
Absorption of thermal
radiation cools the thermal spectra of the earth as seen from space,
radiation emitted
by de-excitation is what results in the further warming of the surface, and the surface continues to warm until the rate at which energy is radiated from the earth's climate system (given the increased opacity of the atmosphere to longwave
radiation) is equal to the rate at which energy enters it.
A simple example is the
radiation code — instead of using a line -
by - line code which would resolve the
absorption at over 10,000 individual wavelengths, a GCM generally uses a broad - band approximation (with 30 to 50 bands) which gives very close to the same results as a full calculation.
As the
radiation in that particular wavelength band is used up, the amount left for
absorption by more of the gas is reduced.
The CO2 doesn't alter climate
by affecting thermal mass; it affects climate
by retarding the efficiency of infrared
radiation, and it has important IR
absorption bands in places where water is ineffective.
Any
absorption by radiation would result in the gases getting warmer than their equilibrium temperature.
(& we have assumed that the energy - in flux is constant) If the new GHG temperature is the same or higher than the air temp, then there will be NO energy
absorption by radiation by the new GHGs or any other air or GHG molecules.
The point is that although selection rules will determine whether a molecular vibration can absorb IR
radiation, and is obviously necessary for a complete discussion of the issue, the issue can be simply addressed
by consideration of the frequencies of
absorption by the gas and emission
by the planet.
Spectroscopy, selective
absorption &
radiation of energy
by certain elements 3.
Interestingly, the O2 molecule's
absorption in the near - infrared, ~ 1 micron, is forbidden — it's a very weak
absorption (that actually might affect the
absorption of solar
radiation by a small amount).
A corollary of what he is saying is that the sea is basically heated
by visible light
absorption rather than
by heat
radiation and is pretty impervious to global warming!
Absorption of solar
radiation by CO2 is minimal, and increasing CO2 should not change it in a way to mediate cooling.
Re 4 «A corollary of what he is saying is that the sea is basically heated
by visible light
absorption rather than
by heat
radiation and is pretty impervious to global warming!»
In both cases the air is warmed
by the
absorption of IR
radiation by greenhouse gases.
Refraction, specifically the real component of refraction n (describes bending of rays, wavelength changes relative to a vacuum, affects blackbody fluxes and intensities — as opposed to the imaginary component, which is related to
absorption and emission) is relatively unimportant to shaping radiant fluxes through the atmosphere on Earth (except on the small scale processes where it (along with difraction, reflection) gives rise to scattering, particularly of solar
radiation — in that case, the effect on the larger scale can be described
by scattering properties, the emergent behavior).
Interestingly, in that situation, the non-CO2
absorption within that layer would itself be making the layer warmer than otherwise
by absorbing more
radiation than it emits.
«how can a forcing driven
by longwave
absorption and emission impact the ocean below since the infrared
radiation does not penetrate more than a few micrometers into the ocean?»
However, some have insisted that there is a paradox here — how can a forcing driven
by longwave
absorption and emission impact the ocean below since the infrared
radiation does not penetrate more than a few micrometers into the ocean?
The effect where, adding a «new»
absorption band and increasing the
absorption, there may initially be warming of the colder layers, etc, followed
by a stage of upper level or near - TOA cooling — this includes the warming from
absorption from increased
radiation from the surface + troposphere — which will be greater when more of the spectrum, especially near wavelengths where the emitted spectral flux change is greatest, has a greater amount of
absorption.
In the stratosphere, it from solar and LW
absorption by ozone, and a small amount from water vapour, but what ever the temperature is, there is
radiation from the CO2.
Starting with small amounts of
absorption, the transient cooling should extend through most of the atmosphere (except the troposphere) because each layer's emission and
absorption of
radiation from the surface would increase equally if not for the increased
absorption of
radiation from the surface
by lower layers, while the increased
absorption of
radiation from other layers would be a smaller effect due to the small emissivities — this would be true in the troposphere as well except the convective coupling with the surface would prevent it.
Obviously CO2 is not just a lid on the atmosphere so there must be some effect of the vertical gradient (even if small), and since it depends on the
absorption and reemission of
radiation, there must be some effect
by latitude.
Moreover, the atmospheric temperature gradient is mitigated
by the
absorption of solar
radiation within the atmosphere (also latent heat deposition), thus a more moderate temperature gradient is established within the ral atmosphere.
Recent accurate laboratory measurements of the
absorption in the CO2 band
by CLOUD (1952) were used to calculate the
radiation flux in the atmosphere with the aid of the MIDAC high speed digital computor.»
Heating of the thermosphere is due to
absorption of highly energetic solar
radiation by the small amount of residual molecular oxygen still present, and temperatures can rise to 2,000 deg.
This deals with
absorption of solar
radiation by H2O and CO2.
Arctic albedo / sea ice extents are also falsified
by the (lack of)
absorption of the
radiation at low angles of incidence.
The Greenhouse Effect refers to the
absorption and re-
radiation of IR thermal
radiation by molecules including CO2, methane, water vapor, fluorocarbons, nitrous oxides, and SF6.
We all have been told that the greenhouse effect is due to the
absorption of outgoing infrared
radiation by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Absorption in the atmosphere of solar
radiation by CO2 doesn't buy you any reduction in the radiative forcing which is conventionally applied to the whole atmosphere and surface.
Check out the Schwarzschild equation so you understand out to properly calculate both
absorption and emission of thermal
radiation by CO2.
I admit I was wrong about the magnitude of the increase in
absorption of incident solar
radiation by increased CO2.
Tyndall, 1861: On the
Absorption and
radiation of Heat
by Gases and Vapours, and on the Physical Connexion of
Radiation,
Absorption, and Conduction
The principles of
absorption and emission of
radiation by various atmospheric trace gases like water vapor and CO2 rely on the theory of quantum mechanics.
Using NOAA database of weather balloon observations that goes back to 1948 he studied the
absorption of infrared
radiation by the atmosphere over time.
The physics of
absorption and re-emission of infra - red
radiation by CO2 is equally well - known.
He used NOAA weather balloon database that goes back to 1948 to study the
absorption of infrared
radiation by the atmosphere over time.
He was interested in the
absorption of infrared
radiation by the atmosphere over time and discovered that
absorption had been constant during the previous 61 years.
What difference between energy
absorption and
radiation do we need to induce in order to make the air temperature increase
by 1 degree C, assuming no change in albedo?