Sentences with phrase «radiation change due»
Kuhle explains the interglacial periods by the 100,000 - year cycle of radiation changes due to variations of the Earth's orbit.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/ Not exact matches
Officials said the decision to change the plant's nuclear safety level was due to cumulative radiation releases since the earthquake wreaked serious damage to the reactors, rather than a sudden deterioration in conditions.
But while chemotherapy and radiation are associated with temporary changes, such as hair loss and tissue swelling, the treatments can have an unseen, permanent effect: infertility due to irreparably damaged sperm or egg cells.
The researchers» interpretation is that the jet is «serpentine and inhomogeneous» because it emits radiation over a range of frequencies and from different zones, which change their orientation due to the instabilities in the jet, or to orbital motions.
The first decade showed little change, but starting around 1996, the data show that due to darkening, the ice began absorbing about 2 percent more solar radiation per decade.
«They provide us with an echo of real ecological processes, like adaptive radiations, when an organism rapidly diversifies due to a change in environment or to fill a new niche,» O'Dwyer said.
Although records are sparse, pan evaporation is estimated to have decreased in many places due to decreases in surface radiation associated with increases in clouds, changes in cloud properties and / or increases in air pollution (aerosols), especially from 1970 to 1990.
On the other hand, they do claim the greater changes were perhaps due to forcings & factors (solar radiation & volcanos), so would this then show greater climate sensitivity both to nature & us?
We also find that the interband ratios of the PAH 12.0 $ \ mu $ m, 12.7 $ \ mu $ m, 13.5 $ \ mu $ m, and 14.2 $ \ mu $ m features to the PAH 11.3 $ \ mu $ m feature are high near the M17 center, which suggests structural changes of PAHs through processing due to intense UV radiation, producing abundant edgy irregular PAHs near the M17 center.
Unfortunately, we are losing our collagen every day - not only as we age, but also due to hormonal changes, processed foods, sugar and alcohol, hydrogenated oils, radiation, excess sun, nutritional deficiencies, dehydration, stress, and more!
This is consistent with the finding that reduced warming is not mainly a result of a change in radiation balance but due to oceanic heat storage.
While on the subject: Could I ask your take on Erlykin et al. 2011, in particular their finding that any effect of cosmic radiation is limited to 1 % of cloud cover, and their estimate that any temperature increase due to such a mechanism over the past 50 years of barely changing CR is limited to 0.002 °C?
According to Chen ea., the difference is not due to changes in clear sky radiation (too small, which may point to small differences in water vapour column), but in cloud cover.
Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).
The change in radiation is due to the greenhouse gases human technology is putting out, not the existence of humanity.
As a result the rate surface temperature change due to radiation imbalance is way smaller than you claim..
It clearly states that (a) emission of energy by radiation is accompanied with cooling of the surface (if no compensating changes prevent it), and (b) the tendency to a radiative equilibrium means that the emitter with the higher surface temperature will loose energy due to a negative net radiation balance until this net radiation balance becomes zero.
Due to these short term changes in the local radiation - pattern and energy - transport through convection, the longterm sensitivity - as a parameter - is not constant.
This can be affected by warming temperatures, but also by changes in snowfall, increases in solar radiation absorption due to a decrease in cloud cover, and increases in the water vapor content of air near the earth's surface.2, 14,15,16,17 In Cordillera Blanca, Peru, for example, one study of glacier retreat between 1930 and 1950 linked the retreat to a decline in cloud cover and precipitation.18
radiative forcing a change in average net radiation at the top of the troposphere resulting from a change in either solar or infrared radiation due to a change in atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations; perturbance in the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation
Now if Galactic radiation, solar output, and Cloud formations due to changes in those «flows» can be determined to force change in Ocean Surface temps the drive train for our climate may be found...
The authors found that consistent with previous research, changes in solar and volcanic activity, land cover, and incoming solar radiation due to the Earth's orbital cycles were the main contributors to the cooling between the MWP and LIA (the years 900 — 1600), and probably also caused the cooling over the full 2,000 - year period.
Current climate change is largely an aggregate effect; it depends mostly on the time integral of radiation imbalance, due to the large thermal inertia of the system.
This research, he claims, virtually proves that the climate models used by the IPCC respond much too sensitively to external «forcing» due to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, variations in solar radiation, and so on.
This radiative response by the system is due predominantly to increased thermal radiation, but it is modified by climate feedbacks such as changes in water vapour, clouds and surface albedo, which affect both outgoing longwave and reflected shortwave radiation.
It's also «UNKNOWN» how much of the historical temperature changes have been due to GTGs, and how much has been due to orbital forcing, ie, increases in solar radiation, or perhaps long - term shifts in ocean circulation.»
The NSRDB accounts for any recent climate changes and provides more accurate values of solar radiation due to a better model for estimating values (more than 90 percent of the solar radiation data in both data bases are modeled), more measured data including direct normal radiation, improved instrument calibration methods, and rigorous procedures for assessing quality of data.
The IPCC acknowledges three potential drivers of climate change: (1) changes in incoming solar radiation (e.g. due to changes in the Earth's orbit or the Sun); (2) changes in reflected solar radiation (e.g. due to changes in low - level cloud cover); and (3) changes in outgoing longwave radiation (e.g. due to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations).
One of the important points for the actual dispute is if the increase of evaporation from the surface of the oceans prevents the rise of temperature of oceans, which would be expected due to the increase of the back radiation (which, in turn, is due to the change of the composition of the atmosphere).
They have measured changes of the temperature difference at the surface and 2 cm below due to the changes of the back radiation by approximately 100 W / m ^ 2.
The question was what happens to the temperature of the ocean due to the changes of the back radiation.
Washington, D.C. — Solar geoengineering is a proposed approach to reduce the effects of climate change due to greenhouse gasses by deflecting some of the sun's incoming radiation.
In so far as the air circulation fails for a time to maintain temperature stability then radiation from surface to space will also change but in due course stabilty is always restored between the four said parameters (sea surface / surface air / sun to sea / air to space).
The great thing is that, since we can make good estimates of the changes in solar radiation, changes in the Earth's albedo due to melting ice, and changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration during the ice ages, scientists can directly calculate the sensitivity of the climate to changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Gerard Roe (U. Washington) showed that the rate of change of global ice volume correlates beautifully with the changes in incoming solar radiation due to Milankovitch cycles (Roe, 2006).
And this process is not linear, as the processes resultant from a net ongoing energy change due a massive increase in external input (a multi million year change — increase — in lower atmospheric thermal radiation absorption and re radiation, in the sense of our geologically recent evolved «temperate» earth climate and global energy balance is massive) is not linear.
There's been a 60 % reduction in aerosol optical depth across Europe since 1986, and that appears to have lead to an increase in surface short - wave solar radiation (not due to changes in solar output!).
With conduction changes crossed off, a decrease in outward radiation would be due to a decreased albedo, where albedo represents reflection across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
The upper atmosphere is actually cooling due to a change in the spectra of exiting long wave radiation and the expansion of the atmosphere due to heating.
Hufbauer (1991), pp. 278 - 80; for example, a 1978 workshop concluded that changes in stratospheric ozone due to ultraviolet radiation might influence climate McCormac and Seliga (1979), pp. 18, 20.
Forster et al. (2007) described four mechanisms by which volcanic forcing influences climate: RF due to aerosol — radiation interaction; differential (vertical or horizontal) heating, producing gradients and changes in circulation; interactions with other modes of circulation, such as El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO); and ozone depletion with its effects on stratospheric heating, which depends on anthropogenic chlorine (stratospheric ozone would increase with a volcanic eruption under low - chlorine conditions).
The downturn in temperature since the 1940s, whether due to a variation in the Sun's radiation or some other natural cause, could indeed change to a natural upturn that would add to greenhouse warming instead of subtracting from it.
Changes in suitable plant growing days due to the interaction between solar radiation and soil moisture were minimal -LRB--2 %, 0 %, and 2 % under RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5, respectively; dashed purple lines in Fig 3), although there was considerable spatial variability (Fig 2E) due to the coupling between rainfall and cloud cover.
Gains and losses in suitable plant growing days due to projected temperature changes alone are lessened because some regions are already limited by either solar radiation (reducing gains at high latitudes) or water availability (reducing losses in arid regions).
Variations in SST due to variations in heat transport by ocean currents or diffusion into the thermocline are neglected while contributions by changes in evaporation, turbulent transfer, and surface radiation are estimated as being proportional to the anomalous air - sea temperature difference.
Radiative Forcing A change in average net radiation (in W m - 2) at the top of the troposphere resulting from a change in either solar or infrared radiation due to a change in atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations; perturbance in the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation.