Sentences with phrase «radiation changes caused»

It is commonly thought that hydrologic change is driven by precipitation and radiation changes caused by climate change, and that as the land surface adjusts, rising temperatures and lower precipitation will make the planet drier.

Not exact matches

Ultrasound machines don't use radiation and cause no known physical or chemical changes that could affect your baby.

It is the first DNA analyser to head into space, and may eventually allow astronauts to directly monitor changes to their genetic code caused by the harsh radiation environment in orbit.

The recent declines and disappearances of many frogs, toads, and salamanders have been blamed on a number of causes, including pathogenic infection, pesticides, pollutants, increased UV radiation from ozone depletion, and local drought spurred by climate change.

Several natural causes were tested with the model, including volcano eruptions and changes in the sun's radiation.

By comparing recent measurements with results from new models, the network challenged the long - debated assumption that the Sun's slight change in radiation could cause Earth's climate to change.

Low energy electrons are ubiquitous and are known to play important role in variety of phenomena relevant to astrochemistry (where they participate in synthesis of new molecules), in radiation biology (where they cause chemical changes in living cell, plasma chemistry), atmospheric chemistry, radioactive waste management and nanolithography — to name but a few.

If the frequency of the radiation is properly tuned, the two pulses cause the atom to change from one quantum state to another.

Mutation is a change in the structure of a gene and can be caused by errors in copying DNA, carcinogenic chemicals, viruses, UV - light and radiation.

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

These rapid changes in the magnetic field cause flares, which release a huge amount of energy in a very short time in the form of super-heated plasma, high - energy radiation and radio bursts.

For example, the infrared radiation emanating from the contraction of an interstellar gas cloud can cause the rotation of molecules to quicken, even without changing the speed at which the molecules are travelling.

The theory was that sudden inflation, based on Einstein's theory of relativity, should cause an onslaught of gravitational waves that ultimately would change the polarity of the background radiation, leaving behind a distinctive swirling pattern.

As forms of high - energy radiation, both primary and secondary cosmic rays may affect living things by causing changes in their genes, which control heredity.

While natural global warming during the ice ages was initiated by increased solar radiation caused by cyclic changes to Earth's orbital parameters, there is no evident mechanism for correcting Anthropogenic Global Warming over the next several centuries.

It is believed that the PETM was likely initiated by changes of the orbital parameters of the Earth (eccentricity, obliquity and precession of axis) causing an increase in the intensity and distribution of solar radiation reaching the earth (Sexton et al, 2011).

Electronic excitations caused by ultraviolet radiation also produce changes in the colour and transparency of photosensitive and photochromic glasses.

This change was made to combat the charge transfer efficiency (CTE) losses caused by radiation damage that the two WFC CCDs have suffered since being put into orbit by artificially increasing the background in the dark images.

Such mutations can be caused by the sun, smoke, radiation, or other random changes in the cell.

If the natural environment is changed and the electromagnetic radiation levels increase, then it may cause illness and disease in humans.

To bring more energy into the system, that surface warming would have to cause the top - of - the - atmosphere radiation balance to change positively, but that would add to warming, amplifying the initial perturbation and leading to a runaway instability.

Variations in the orbit cause opposite changes in the intensity of solar radiation during the summer between the Northern and Southern hemisphere, yet ice age terminations seem synchronous between hemispheres.

The vibrational frequencies are quantised, and radiation is absorbed when the photon causes a change in the vibrational frequency.

It is the reduced amount of radiation leaving the top of the atmosphere that changes the earth's balance of heat, and therefore defines the «direct radiative forcing» caused by doubling CO2.

When a certain amount of UV radiation hits the sensor, the titanium dioxide causes the food dye to change color.

ie does a slightly lower density of air mean a slightly lower ground level temperature (temperature normally decreases with height at the lower air density), so that in reality adding CO2 and subtracting more O2 actually causes miniscule or trivial global COOLING, and the (unused) ability of the changed atmosphere to absorb radiation energy and transmit it to the rest of the air is overruled or limited by the ideal gas law?

But a change of -1.7 % in (high level) clouds over 1 decade caused a change of 1.2 W / m2 in reflected SW and ~ 3 W / m2 more IR radiation to space over the 30N / S band.

The incoming solar radiation has changed just a tiny bit in comparison — since 1950, by the way, it has even decreased and thus offset a small part of the human - caused warming — hence humans have probably caused more warming than is observed (best estimate is 110 % of observed warming).

If the loss of heat by the oceans is caused by a change in radiation balance, the primary source of the change should be a change in (mainly tropical) cloud cover.

Changes in temperature cause changes in emission of radiation, so that as the temperature changes in response to an energy flow imbalance, the imbalance tends to decay toward zero as equilibrium is apprChanges in temperature cause changes in emission of radiation, so that as the temperature changes in response to an energy flow imbalance, the imbalance tends to decay toward zero as equilibrium is apprchanges in emission of radiation, so that as the temperature changes in response to an energy flow imbalance, the imbalance tends to decay toward zero as equilibrium is apprchanges in response to an energy flow imbalance, the imbalance tends to decay toward zero as equilibrium is approached.

It's looking more and more like most climate change can be pegged to changes in solar output, either directly through additional warming or indirectly as decreases in solar output allow more cosmic rays to reach the atmosphere, causing increased cloud nucleation and therefore increasing the earth's albedo and reflecting more solar radiation.

«Arrhenius and Chamberlain saw in this [variations in carbon dioxide] a cause of climate changes, but the theory was never widely accepted and was abandoned when it was found that all the long - wave radiation absorbed by CO2 is also absorbed by water vapor.

In particular, the authors find fault with IPCC's conclusions relating to human activities being the primary cause of recent global warming, claiming, contrary to significant evidence that they tend to ignore, that the comparatively small influences of natural changes in solar radiation are dominating the influences of the much larger effects of changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on the global energy balance.

Changes in Earth's radiation balance were the principal driver of past climate changes, but the causes of such changes are Changes in Earth's radiation balance were the principal driver of past climate changes, but the causes of such changes are changes, but the causes of such changes are changes are varied.

To me, it is more likely the fluctuation in E-UV coming from the sun that causes the warming and cooling effects by changing the reactions that are happening on TOA, i.e. O3, HxOx and NOx are rising now, causing more back radiation of F - UV, meaning less energy going in the oceans.

The only thing we will not be actively engaged in is what are the causes of the temperature changes on the planet: how much is CO2, how much is solar radiation, how much is cosmic rays.

In the first instance, the frequency of extreme summers was calculated in climate models where both human - caused (changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols and ozone) and natural (solar radiation changes and volcanic) climate factors were included.

The important issues is the emission of radiation to space — and at what height this takes place from — that causes the surface temperature to change.

However we know that 22 PPM caused a 0.2 W / m2 change in downwelling radiation.

Solar geoengineering, or «solar radiation management» (SRM), is perhaps the most controversial of the different ways of limiting human - caused climate change.

Specifically, Trenberth must find mechanisms in the oceans that are characteristic of the oceans but not caused by changes in temperature or radiation at the ocean's surface.

3) In the examination of the model for the GHE above, the initial radiation balance, plus the adiabatic - lapse rate, is what has set the structure of the temperature profile; and then the addition of more GHG to the temperature field causes a radiative imbalance that changes the temperature profile until the imbalance goes away.

If something occurs to cause an imbalance between incoming and outgoing radiation, then you can't, as a matter of principle, say that the system will change to maintain radiative balance, it depends on the system.

Nuclear power has multiple subsidies in the form of: - direct payments for new nuclear plants of 2.3 cents per kWh generated for the first ten years (in the US), — this is US$ 2 billion for a 1000 MW plant after ten years operation, - complete indemnity under the Price - Anderson Act for harm caused by a radiation release (above a modest insured amount), - changes to safety regulations to allow continued operation, - new plant construction loan guarantees, - direct subsidies for existing plants to keep operating as a jobs - protection program, and others.

If a black body with a fixed - rate energy source is in radiation - rate - equilibrium with the vacuum of space at 0 Kelvins, placing additional material separate from but surrounding the black body will likely cause the temperature of the surface of the black body to change in such a way that energy - rate - equilibrium is re-established for the black body.

The authors found that consistent with previous research, changes in solar and volcanic activity, land cover, and incoming solar radiation due to the Earth's orbital cycles were the main contributors to the cooling between the MWP and LIA (the years 900 — 1600), and probably also caused the cooling over the full 2,000 - year period.

Other leading theories to causes of mass extinctions include: global climate change, changes in sea level, chemical poisoning of the atmosphere and / or oceans, variation in solar radiation, and extreme volcanic activity.

The Pavlakis et al (2008) paper «ENSO Surface Shortwave Radiation Forcing over the Tropical Pacific» identifies the variations in surface downward shortwave radiation over portions of the Pacific Oceans caused by El Nino - produced cloud cover changes.

On going up expansion work PdV is stored by the surroundings (temperature dropping by 9.8 K / km) At TOA there will be a loss of heat by radiation to space causing the down phase On going down the surroundings do work on the parcel (PdV)(temperature increasing by 9.8 K / km) Stationary parcels will not change temperature.

Thus, long - term variations of TSI (with account for their direct and secondary, based on feedback effects, influence) are the main fundamental cause of climate changes since variations of the Earth climate is mainly determined by a long - term imbalance between the energy of solar radiation entering the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere and the total energy emitted from the Earth back to space.»