Sentences with phrase «radiation changes in»

Take a look at Hansen 1993, scaling from radiation changes in last glacial epoch (plain orbital mechanics affecting irradiation), 3 ± 1 °C, Chylek 2007, differences between the Holocene and the last glacial maximum, 1.3 °C to 2.3 °C, and Bender et al 2010, looking at the response from Mount Pinatubo and the volcanic aerosols, with current temperature ranges, 1.7 to 4.1 °C.

My contribution had its ups and downs — a low point was definitely when Judge Alsup declared «your chart sucks» in response to a powerpoint slide (right) which showed an artist's impression of the Nimbus 4 satellite at the expense of a graph of how the spectrum of outgoing long wave radiation changed in response to rising greenhouse gases between 1970 and 1997.

Not exact matches

They create no changes in gravitational pull, solar radiation, planetary orbits, or anything else that would impact life on Earth.

Officials said the decision to change the plant's nuclear safety level was due to cumulative radiation releases since the earthquake wreaked serious damage to the reactors, rather than a sudden deterioration in conditions.

In his call for practice change, Bekelman cites research showing the shorter radiation treatment — known as moderate hypofractionation — is just as effective at treating cancer, while costing less and easing the burden on patients.

It is the first DNA analyser to head into space, and may eventually allow astronauts to directly monitor changes to their genetic code caused by the harsh radiation environment in orbit.

In tomorrow's issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, two researchers point the finger at chemical changes in the molecule transurocanic acid — which at one time was thought to protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage — as a possible controlling agent in the procesIn tomorrow's issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, two researchers point the finger at chemical changes in the molecule transurocanic acid — which at one time was thought to protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage — as a possible controlling agent in the procesin the molecule transurocanic acid — which at one time was thought to protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage — as a possible controlling agent in the procesin the process.

Earlier studies on the sensitivity of tropical cyclones to past climates have only analyzed the effect of changes in the solar radiation from orbital forcing on the formation of tropical cyclones, without considering the feedbacks associated to the consequent greening of the Sahara.

The researchers» interpretation is that the jet is «serpentine and inhomogeneous» because it emits radiation over a range of frequencies and from different zones, which change their orientation due to the instabilities in the jet, or to orbital motions.

«Volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere absorb infrared radiation, thereby heating up the stratosphere, and changing the wind conditions subsequently,» said Dr. Matthew Toohey, atmospheric scientist at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.

If hypofractionated radiation with curative intent can reduce the treatment time for lung cancer patients by half with no greater toxicity, and with equivalent — if not better — tumor control and survival outcomes, this research could result in a change in the paradigm of how a large subset of locally advanced NSCLC patients are treated.»

This long - wave radiation penetrates the dust, and by measuring the change in its wavelength — its Doppler shift — we can work out a cloud's speed towards or away from us.

The detector developed at UNH, known as DoSEN, short for Dose Spectra from Energetic Particles and Neutrons, measures and calculates the absorbed dose in matter and tissue resulting from the exposure to indirect and direct ionizing radiation, which can change cells at the atomic level and lead to irreparable damage.

Originally he said that this radiation carried no information from inside the black hole, but in 2004 changed his mind and said it could be possible for information to get out.

The sentence marked with an asterisk was changed from «In fact, fly ash — a by - product from burning coal for power — and other coal waste contains up to 100 times more radiation than nuclear waste» to «In fact, the fly ash emitted by a power plant — a by - product from burning coal for electricity — carries into the surrounding environment 100 times more radiation than a nuclear power plant producing the same amount of energy.»

The Sun's activity — including changes in the number of sunspots, levels of radiation and ejection of material - varies on an eleven - year cycle, driven by changes in its magnetic field.

By improving the understanding of how much radiation CO2 absorbs, uncertainties in modelling climate change will be reduced and more accurate predictions can be made about how much Earth is likely to warm over the next few decades.

It is the major factor governing how much incoming solar radiation is used to melt the ice and is the main positive feedback in Arctic climate change.

But if it interacted with radiation in the early universe, it could have an effect similar to that of relativistic particles, changing how the energy in the early universe is divided up among its components.

The impact of grain size on albedo — the ratio between reflected and incoming solar radiation — is strong in the infrared range, where humans can't see, but satellite instruments can detect the change.

This periodic change in the amount of radiation reaching Earth lasts roughly 11 years, but is highly erratic.

By taking the change in the black hole's spin, and her half of the Hawking radiation that is emitted after she drops the qubit, Alice can use the rules of quantum teleportation to work out the spin of the qubit she dropped into the black hole — and hence retrieve information from beyond the black hole's event horizon.

«Until the 1990s, we thought that the Van Allen belts were pretty well - behaved and changed slowly,» said Geoff Reeves, the first author on the paper and a radiation belt scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, N.M. «With more and more measurements, however, we realized how quickly and unpredictably the radiation belts changed.

The model tracked changes in temperature and solar radiation at many altitudes throughout the lower layer of the atmosphere.

Now, researchers say they've discovered changes in the proteins of soybeans grown near Chernobyl that could explain how plants survive despite chronic radiation exposure.

But a study in tomorrow's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests ionizing radiation can stir up chemical changes in cytoplasm that lead to DNA damage.

In addition we received detailed data on changes in the thermal radiation reaching the seawater through the ice.&raquIn addition we received detailed data on changes in the thermal radiation reaching the seawater through the ice.&raquin the thermal radiation reaching the seawater through the ice.»

«They provide us with an echo of real ecological processes, like adaptive radiations, when an organism rapidly diversifies due to a change in environment or to fill a new niche,» O'Dwyer said.

Such changes range from how much solar radiation the region reflects back into space to the structure of the ecological communities in Arctic waters; meanwhile, melting permafrost is driving the transformation of frozen tundra into wetlands, and grassy plains are shifting into lusher landscapes of bushes and trees.

These components are entangled, so when matter that has been sucked into the black hole interacts with the infalling Hawking radiation at the singularity, the interaction instantaneously produces a change in the Hawking radiation that has escaped the black hole.

In 2007, a helmet covered with particle counters and an electroencephalograph were sent to the International Space Station to assess how astronaut brain activity changes in real time in response to radiatioIn 2007, a helmet covered with particle counters and an electroencephalograph were sent to the International Space Station to assess how astronaut brain activity changes in real time in response to radiatioin real time in response to radiatioin response to radiation.

But until now, Scaife says, no one had found a physical explanation for how subtle changes in radiation hitti

Given the revised timeline in this region, Willenbring and colleagues determined that the increased precipitation resulted from changes in the intensity of the sun's radiation on the Earth, which is based on the planet's tilt in orbit.

Several natural causes were tested with the model, including volcano eruptions and changes in the sun's radiation.

By comparing recent measurements with results from new models, the network challenged the long - debated assumption that the Sun's slight change in radiation could cause Earth's climate to change.

Low energy electrons are ubiquitous and are known to play important role in variety of phenomena relevant to astrochemistry (where they participate in synthesis of new molecules), in radiation biology (where they cause chemical changes in living cell, plasma chemistry), atmospheric chemistry, radioactive waste management and nanolithography — to name but a few.

For instance, UV radiation amounts to a mere 7 % of solar energy, but its variation produces changes in the stratosphere near the Equator, all the way to the polar regions, which govern climate.

«This is the first prospective and longitudinal study to characterize structural brain changes resulting from standard radiation and chemotherapy in patients with malignant brain tumors.

The diversification of species is not always gradual but can occur in rapid radiations, especially after major environmental changes (1, 2).

Although patients with localized, low - risk prostate cancer have treatment options: active surveillance, also called watchful waiting, in which the cancer is monitored periodically to detect any changes, or active treatment with surgery and radiation.

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Such electrons in Earth's outer radiation belt can exhibit pronounced increases in intensity, in response to activity on the sun, and changes in the solar wind — but the dominant physical mechanisms responsible for such radiation belt electron acceleration has remained unresolved for decades.

On the other hand, ionizing radiation such as x-rays and the used in CT scans or gamma - ray Mammograms do have enough power to change matter, because the wavelength is low and of high energy.

«We're interested in the radiation damage case in particular, but other applications might include studying low - temperature phase change materials, or real - time monitoring of oxide layer formation on steel alloys,» he said.

IGRT is a common practice in both photon (traditional radiation therapy) and proton therapy to treat tumors close to sensitive structures and organs or in areas of the body prone to movement or change in shape.

Of particular interest are changes in mechanical and thermal transport properties with which researchers try to determine the lifetime for safe use of the material in engineering systems within radiation environments.

In recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsIn recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).

The study argued that changes in the sun's radiation output played a major role in influencing shifts in Arctic air temperatures — a view at odds with mainstream climate science, which fingered atmospheric carbon dioxide as a bigger player.

Aerosols that high in the sky «can change the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface and affect rainfall through cloud formation,» she says.

Mutation is a change in the structure of a gene and can be caused by errors in copying DNA, carcinogenic chemicals, viruses, UV - light and radiation.