Sentences with phrase «radiation damages dna»

Perhaps the sole point on which scientists agree is that radiation damages DNA in ways that can cause cancer many years after exposure.

Not exact matches

This changes a lot of what scientists thought they knew about how water bears deal with radiation, as they were previously thought to have proteins that repaired damaged DNA, rather than proteins that halt damage altogether.

But RF energy doesn't cause the DNA damage that radiation from the sun or from X-rays does, according to the National Cancer Institute.

@Chad: I. Mutations in DNA sequences generally occur through one of two processes: A. Environmental factors: DNA damage from environmental agents such as ultraviolet light (sunshine), nuclear radiation or certain chemicals B. Mistakes that occur when a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.

When the researchers exposed mice to radiation and chemicals that harm DNA, damaged stem cells transformed permanently into melanocytes.

They emit UV radiation; UV - A damages cells and DNA, causing skin cancer, and UV - B causes burning and contributes to skin cancer.

Laboratory experiments on animals indicate that as doses decrease, less and less damage escapes DNA - repair mechanisms, says Yoshihisa Matsumoto, a radiation biologist at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

PARP inhibitors prevent cancer cells from repairing themselves after experiencing DNA damage (for example from chemotherapy or radiation).

But Jorn Olsen, chair of epidemiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health says that unlike microwaves, cell phones do not release enough radiation or energy to damage DNA or genetic material, which can lead to cancer.

Within our solar system, the sun's wind of charged particles and radiation forms a bubble called the heliosphere, which repels cosmic rays that can affect Earth's weather, eat away at the ozone layer and damage DNA.

Medical specialists use similar calculations when giving cancer patients radiation treatments or when they need to estimate how much damage X-rays might produce in DNA.

Washington State University researchers have mapped the damage of ultraviolet radiation on individual units of DNA, opening a new avenue in the search for how sunlight causes skin cancer and what might be done to prevent it.

But a study in tomorrow's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests ionizing radiation can stir up chemical changes in cytoplasm that lead to DNA damage.

Our body has a system to repair DNA damage (DNA repair mechanism), so why a normal cell turns into a cancer cell and why radiation exposure causes cancer have not been clarified.

Called the «bystander effect,» the findings led to speculation that the radiation was creating some agent in the cytoplasm — an unidentified chemical — that then damaged nuclear DNA.

During that time, scientists believe that Earth lacked a solid core and thus had a much weaker magnetic field — something required to protect life on Earth from DNA - damaging radiation.

«RYBP would make cancer cells more sensitive to DNA damage, which would make chemo or radiation therapy more effective,» said Mohammad Ali, a postdoctoral fellow and the lead author of the study.

A group of researchers at Osaka University found that if DNA damage response (DDR) does not work when DNA is damaged by radiation, proteins which should be removed remain instead, and a loss of genetic information can be incited, which, when repaired incorrectly, will lead to the tumor formation.

This group's achievement shows the possibility to clarify the mechanism of human tumor formation, especially the molecular mechanism responsible for in the initial stage of cell cancerization due to DNA damaged by radiation in the initial stage, by using the model of budding yeast, a primitive eukaryote.

Conventional risk models used by NASA and others assume DNA damage and mutation are the cause of radiation cancers.

Ali found that breast cancer cells that have high levels of RYBP are more sensitive to DNA damage after radiation or drug treatment, including PARP inhibitors (inhibitors of the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase used in cancer treatment).

Mutations occur, for example, when cells copy their DNA incorrectly or fail to repair damage from chemicals or radiation.

If the deep microbes spend as much on maintenance as surface microbes do, he says - repairing radiation damage to their DNA, keeping their membranes intact — they should have nothing left for the microbial prime directive: divide and multiply.

If the ultraviolet radiation from the sun damages human DNA to cause health problems, does UV radiation also damage plant DNA?

Ionizing radiation, which can tear molecules apart and therefore potentially damage DNA — is the greater worry.

One key step, he says, will be discovering why the tardigrades» DNA apparently was not damaged by the desiccation and radiation.

For example, earlier research suggested that Neanderthal DNA influenced skin cells known as keratinocytes that help protect the skin from environmental damage such as ultraviolet radiation and germs.

Further, the risks associated with radiation were even higher for survivors who also received the alkylating agent procarbazine, a type of chemotherapy known to cause damage to DNA.

There, she and her colleagues bombarded brown - and black - haired mice with DNA - damaging radiation.

Dr. Su and her collaborators at University of Colorado, Boulder used ionizing radiation (IR) to induce DNA damage and apoptosis in cells of the wing imaginal disc, the immature form of the fly's wings.

«We thought that patients who have CFS breaks might be more sensitive to radiation therapy - induced DNA damage,» said the lead author of the study, Robert G. Bristow, MD, PhD, a Professor within the radiation oncology and medical biophysics departments at the University of Toronto; and a Clinician - Scientist at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto.

The altered microbes bred easily, even in a radioactive chamber, by rapidly repairing DNA damaged by radiation.

Silver says her lab will try to build such a cell that they can then implant into mammals to detect and report on the extent of harm caused by UV radiation, which damages DNA and is a risk factor in the development of cancer.

After assessing the birds» antioxidant levels, amount of DNA damage, and body condition, the researchers were surprised to find that most of the birds, like the hawfinch pictured above, seemed to benefit from the chronic exposure to radiation.

Although its raison d'être remains elusive, the gene appears to play an important role in DNA repair: Mice lacking the protein Brca1 have trouble fixing DNA damage induced by radiation, for instance, and the protein clumps in the nucleus at sites where DNA is broken.

The radiation damage in the DNA may have been repaired when the sperm cells were combined with the eggs, says Andrew Wyrobek at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California.

They showed that basal cells were much more efficient at repairing DNA damage, allowing them to survive and reproduce following exposure to chemicals or radiation that damaged the DNA.

One possibility, says Chao, is that high numbers of CNVs somehow cause DNA damage by making dads less able to protect themselves from environmental insults such as radiation.

Many standard cancer treatments, including chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy, damage the DNA of rapidly dividing cancer cells.

Experiments with mouse embryo support cells that express mutant DUB or pseudo-DUB proteins show an impaired immune response when infected with a virus and impaired DNA damage repair when exposed to ionizing radiation, further validating the need for complex's correct structure.

Unlike radiation, which damages DNA in random spots, they carefully control how sporozoites are weakened, and they can make standard batches of the product.

Other investigators have developed «live» Plasmodium vaccines that zap sporozoites with radiation to damage their DNA.

Biologists have generally assumed that the damage will be proportional to the dose, but in vitro studies have shown that cells can repair modest DNA damage caused by radiation — and that low - dose radiation might even protect the cell against future exposure.

During such hybridisation events, and after other genetic disruptions suffered by plants, such as damage to chromosomes by radiation, there are extensive rearrangements of plant DNA (Gorbunova and Levy 1999, Shirley and others 1992).

But when DNA is damaged by UV radiation or harmful substances, it forms an impenetrable mass that stalls the RNA polymerase, said Smerdon.

Ionizing radiation is a potent DNA damaging agent that interacts with cellular DNA and induces lesions in the irradiated cells and prevents cell proliferation and induces cell death by apoptosis or necrosis depending on the radiation dose.

Exposure of tumor cells to clinically relevant low doses of ionizing radiation causes DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The damage that it will repair is the one that is causal in senenscence of DNA pathway (such x-ray radiation causing senescence) and oncogenic activated senescence; but not of the type of replicative senescence (that's the domain of telomeres / telomerase / sub-telomeres and epigenetics) and cellular replication / proliferation.

I have a career - long interest in understanding the repair of DNA double - strand breaks, the most damaging lesion induced by radiation.

GSC resistance to radiation due to upregulation of pro-survival signaling and enhanced DNA damage repair capacity.