A simple experiment was done by comparing the amount
of radiation from the earth in response to warming or cooling over a period of time.
This long period signal is topmost modulated which controls all scale - components, while GHGs is almost the unique factor to directly heat the air by absorbing the
longwave radiation from the Earth surface.
This means that it can temporarily
absorb radiation from the Earth, slowing its return to space and thereby heating the troposphere (the lower 10KM of the atmosphere) which in turn can heat up the Earth's surface.
KIA: When scientists
model radiation from the earth atmosphere to space, what temperature do they use for the temperature of space on the dark side of the planet?
They then looked at another source of data: that of the Clouds» and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite instruments which measure fluxes of reflected and
emitted radiation from Earth to space, to help scientists understand how the climate varies over time.
If the greenhouse effect (that checks the exit of longwave
radiation from Earth into space) or the amount of absorbed sunlight diminished, one would see a slowing in the heat uptake of the oceans.
Between 1985 and 2012, CO2 increased from 345 to 395 ppm, and the average global temperature increased by 0.3 — 0.4 deg C. Due to the higher temp, the outgoing
radiation from earth increased over a wide spectral range (3 - 50microns).
The primary effect of an increase of CO2 is to cause more absorption of
thermal radiation from the earth's surface and thus to increase the air temperature in the troposphere.
Since there is about 50 % variable cloud cover at any given time and clouds can reflect over 99 % of the
IR radiation from the Earth's surface clouds are responsible for a likely 90 % of the Earth's greenhouse effect.
The two are linked: Convection creates clouds that can block sunlight and
trap radiation from Earth, heating and cooling the atmosphere, which in turn can enhance or suppress convection.
Clouds can have a double effect on radiation: they warm the earth by reducing the amount
of radiation from the earth that escapes into space but also cool the earth by reflecting the sun's rays back into space.
Add absorptive molecules and you will slow
the radiation from the earth and add a radiative effect to the temperature differential — mainly from water vapour but also from CO2.
If that is correct I would say the answer is: in addition to explaining the basic blackbody radiation correctly (avoiding ultraviolet catastrophe among other problems of the classical explanation), it explains why atmospheric gases have absorption peaks; this in turn explains why the atmosphere is transparent to incoming solar radiation but opaque to IR (longwave)
radiation from the earth.
Gases which absorb some of the outgoing
radiation from Earth and re-emit it back down towards earth.
This is about
the radiation from the Earth to space, which is prevented by the atmosphere's greenhouse gases, and as we pour more and more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, less energy will be sent into space.
Traditional anthropogenic theory of currently observed global warming states that release of carbon dioxide into atmosphere (partially as a result of utilization of fossil fuels) leads to an increase in atmospheric temperature because the molecules of CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) absorb the infrared
radiation from the Earth's surface.