Sentences with phrase «radiation in»

When the net cost of a new peaker versus solar plus storage was modeled, it was found that right now solar + storage was competitive — despite limited solar radiation in the Midwestern state.

Aerosol particles infl uence radiative forcing directly through refl ection and absorption of solar and infrared radiation in the atmosphere.

In fact there is a gravitationally induced temperature gradient (aka lapse rate) in any planetary troposphere, and thermal energy absorbed from solar radiation in the upper troposphere can flow up that sloping thermal profile restoring thermodynamic equilibrium as it does so, and even entering the oceans.

Carbon dioxide is a form of greenhouse gas that can trap and restrain solar radiation in the atmosphere.

With regard to the diabatic process the exchange of radiation in and out reaches thermal equilibrium relatively quickly (leaving Earth's oceans out of the scenario for current purposes) and once the temperature rise within the atmosphere has occurred then equilibrium has been achieved and energy in at TOA will match energy out.

2) I've read that atmospheric CO2 acts like a dam: when it warms up, it emits more and more infrared radiation in all directions, one of those directions being back down to Earth.

Clouds of different heights and densities respond to SW radiation in completely different ways, One interesting bit of research related to this ist:

The Earth receives energy from the Sun in the form of visible light and ultraviolet radiation, which is then re-radiated away from the surface as thermal radiation in infrared wavelengths.

«Trenberth and Fasullo (2010a) show that most models reflect too little solar radiation in the southern storm tracks and misrepresent in one fashion or another the structure of the tropical convergence zones (cf., Lin, 2007).

Ultraviolet light is radiation in wavelengths from 200 to 300 nm (nautical miles) found in natural sunlight, sun lamps and tanning beds.

Most models reasonably represent the poleward increase of reflected shortwave radiation in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, presumably because part of this is carried by the influence of specified surface features such as the Saharan desert and Tibetan Plateau.

All agree that direct IR radiation in the main CO2 bands is absorbed well below 1 km above the earth.

Global temperature decoupled from solar radiation in the 1960s (http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034020/pdf), there was global dimming / brightening.

The black distribution reflects observed fluctuations in net radiation in the different monsoon systems.

So why would there have been less radiation in the late 1600s when there were very few sunspots?

Among the first to study radiation in the atmosphere was...

Do you think you the results from your experiments would allow you to accurately predict how a doubling CO2 will interact with thermal radiation in the earth's atmosphere?

Imagine condensing the atmosphere into a liquid or a solid and the CO2 layer separating from the other components: How thick would that layer be compared with other familiar materials that interact with radiation in a manner you intuitively understand?

Now there's an idea ACK; downwelling longwave radiation in the HoL can be captured by keeping the doors open and using synchronised arm movements to force all that hot air though turbines in the roof.

The Low Dose Radiation Research Act of 2015 directs the two organisations to carry out a research program «to enhance the scientific understanding of and reduce uncertainties associated with the effects of exposure to low dose radiation in order to inform improved risk management methods.»

Back radiation in the far infra - red from the Greenhouse Effect occurs at wavelengths centred around 10 micrometres, well off the scale of this chart, and can not penetrate the ocean beyond the surface «skin».

Look how tightly correlated sea level rise is to changes in radiation in his graph.

During balloon flights he and other physicists carried electroscopes to high altitudes with the goal of measuring ionizing radiation in the atmosphere.

The density of the upper atmosphere at any given altitude varies with the amount of solar radiation it receives, and the amount of solar radiation in turn varies either day - to - day depending on solar activity or over the 11 - year solar cycle.

The second law of thermodynamics doesn't prohibit transfer of radiation in any fashion.

The moon, for example, is much cooler than the Earth, but as you noted, it radiates energy because it's temperature is above zero K. Certainly you are not suggesting that the Earth has some «smart shield» around it that redirects the radiation from the moon, but lets the sun's radiation in.

The spatial extent, the energy, and the amount of radiation in the Van Allen belts are controlled by space weather, with large increases in their size and amount of radiation occurring during large geomagnetic storms.

However, High R enclosures are still important for enclosures exposed to the direct solar radiation in hot climates: the roof is the obvious example, especially if finished in dark colors that absorb solar radiation.

O2 and N2 do not indeed, emit or absorb radiation in the longwave thermal region.

Atmospheric back radiation in no way reduces the ocean's ability to radiate or conduct its own energy which is at a higher temperature and energy state.

The expectation from this knowledge is that we should see «holes» in certain bands in the emissions spectrum for the planet and also radiation in these bands should also be radiating back from the atmosphere down to the surface.

The total radiation in Fukushima is less than our Natural Background here in Illinois, USA.

Furthermore, background radiation in the US is now dominated by human exposures, so any hypothetical minimum in the dose response curve set by evolution has been passed for many people.

Regarding the original subject, convection, is it possible that there are multiple laws regarding black body radiation in relation to multiple refraction indexes that are just not documented yet?

I am in possesssion of several reports which show that UV radiation in the Northern and in the Southern atmosphere is decreasing (and even if it had moderately increased in the Arctic this would be much less the radiation for inhabitants in the Alps or at the Aequator.)

Re 346 ziarra, again: «The radiation from a cooler upper atmosphere can warm the surface because it counteracts the even greater amount of radiation in the other direction, thus reducing the net flow of heat.»

Okay, the Planck function is not the same as the molecular - scale processes that emit radiation, but the Planck function is applicable to describing that radiation in aggregate.

First off, an idealised «black body» (which gives of radiation in a very uniform and predictable way as a function of temperature — encapsulated in the Stefan - Boltzmann equation) has a basic sensitivity (at Earth's radiating temperature) of about 0.27 °C / (W / m2).

I would think thermal radiation in an optically thin stratosphere would scale lineraly with CO2 concentration.

For LW radiation in the Earth's climate system, scattering is a minor issue and to a first approximation one can assume only absorption and emission occur.

In reply to # 1, greenhouse gases absorb selective bands of radiation in the atmosphere and re-radiate them in all directions as longer wave infrared.

1) Greenhouse gasses absorb infrared radiation in the atmosphere and re-emit much of it back toward the surface, thus warming the planet (less heat escapes; Fourier, 1824).

I'm no atmospheric scientist and haven't really considered the stratospheric cooling issue but, if an increase in the amount of atmospheric CO2 raised the average altitude from which the stratosphere receives radiation in the CO2 bands, wouldn't it receive less radiation in those bands?

For an arbitrary body emitting and absorbing thermal radiation in thermodynamic equilibrium, the emissivity is equal to the absorptivity.

The average natural background radiation in the US is 350 millirems per year.

Note however that all the radiation in a spectral line is not at exactly a single frequency, but instead in a small range (band) of frequencies.

This knowledge is not new; the same year as Charles Darwin published «The Origin of Species», John Tyndall, an Irish scientist, published a paper in 1859 describing how he measured the absorption of infrared radiation in his laboratory, finding that CO2 and water vapour absorbed the radiation, whereas nitrogen and oxygen, the main gases in the atmosphere, do not.

Also we have just begun to get good data about solar radiation in the last 20 or so years.

CO2 absorbs most all of the surface radiation in its absorption bands within tens of meters from the surface.

As the radiation in that particular wavelength band is used up, the amount left for absorption by more of the gas is reduced.