So
the radiation out from Earth is not instantaneous, as in the unprotected Earth, there is a time delay as the energy bounces around for a while before escaping.
Part of the enhanced cooling will be from direct
radiation out from the atmosphere but the bulk will be from conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy in the expanded atmosphere.
Not exact matches
Immunotherapy differs
from more traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery (cutting malignant cells
out of the body), chemotherapy and
radiation (poisoning the deadly mutants), and even the newer, more precise molecular drugs that attempt to jam the protein signals that tell tumor cells to keep dividing and conquering.
On the other hand, perhaps by learning to avoid genetic deformities we may intervene just in time to keep
from being wiped
out by a tide of stress - induced or
radiation - related mutations.
These include the products of radioactive decay, cosmic rays (the highest - energy form of electromagnetic
radiation known to man), and the stellar wind, a stream of particles that fly
out from any star as it continuously burns.
The heat radiates
out from the element via thermal
radiation and heats the walls of the oven and the surrounding air.
It's found
out that natural UV
radiation from the sun may increase by about 25 % at the beach, as it is reflected by the water and yellow sand.
In the hopes of seeing the gas clouds
from which the first stars arose, Loeb has devoted much of the past decade to a new field called 21 - centimeter cosmology, a branch of radio astronomy that focuses on identifying electromagnetic
radiation that started
out with a wavelength of 21 centimeters.
In 2000, the observation moved beyond a reasonable doubt, thanks to measurements of microwave
radiation that rippled
out from the original Big Bang.
Taken with the orbiting Chandra Observatory, it shows the hottest, most violent objects in the galaxy: black holes gobbling down matter, gas heated to millions of degrees by dense, whirling neutron stars, and the high - energy
radiation from stars that have exploded, sending
out vast amounts of material that slam into surrounding gas, creating shock waves that heat the gas tremendously, generating X-rays.
Powerful
radiation from supermassive black holes at the center of most large galaxies creates winds that can blow gas
out of the galaxies, halting star formation.
It floated a baseless theory — citing a study that was not, in fact, carried
out — that
radiation from cell phones was disorienting the bees.
Because of this, knowing whether the
radiation changes CERES measures come
from geoengineering or some other effect proves difficult — unless, that is, the engineering effort is so big it drowns
out the noise of natural variability.
This long - wave
radiation penetrates the dust, and by measuring the change in its wavelength — its Doppler shift — we can work
out a cloud's speed towards or away
from us.
Originally he said that this
radiation carried no information
from inside the black hole, but in 2004 changed his mind and said it could be possible for information to get
out.
Scientists think that when the first stars were born, these luminous objects and the galaxies they formed eventually pumped
out X-rays and ultraviolet
radiation that ripped electrons
from their proton partners.
Mine shafts at New Mexico's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant are carved into solid salt deep underground, blocking
radiation from going in or
out.
It turns
out that the thousands of feet of solid salt deposits and clay designed to protect against
radiation leaks also protect the caverns
from the background
radiation constantly hitting Earth's surface.
Radio and microwave telescopes expose the cold and quirky cosmos —
from the chilled -
out radiation of the big bang to extreme pulsars and quasars
They predicted that the same hot plasma producing the
radiation will also act to block the visible light, causing the gusher of energy
from the kilonova to flood
out in near - infrared light over several days.
A large shield blocks
out solar
radiation, and the telescope orbits millions of miles
from Earth's heat.
Japanese researchers shipped freeze - dried mouse sperm to the orbiting International Space Station and stored it there for nine months to find
out how microgravity and cosmic
radiation would affect mice born
from the cells.
Rest hunts for these light echoes, seeking
out a weakened, delayed signal nearly identical to the
radiation from the original supernova.
By taking the change in the black hole's spin, and her half of the Hawking
radiation that is emitted after she drops the qubit, Alice can use the rules of quantum teleportation to work
out the spin of the qubit she dropped into the black hole — and hence retrieve information
from beyond the black hole's event horizon.
Within the X-ray glow, Reeves and his colleagues discerned
radiation emitted at energy levels associated with several specific elements, including magnesium, silicon, sulfur, argon, and calcium — a mix of ingredients similar to that cast
out from a supernova explosion.
After taking steps to rule
out possible contamination
from more mundane mechanisms, such as fluorescence, the group concluded that the photons appeared to be spontaneously produced
from the same physics underlying Hawking
radiation.
Add to this the harmful
radiation from space (which the Martian atmosphere does not screen
out) and you will understand why the survival of the two Mars rovers for five years is so remarkable.
Pipes — equipped with diodes that allow heat to travel in one direction only — will ferry heat
from the electronics
out to
radiation panels.
Black holes can also send stuff back
out, emitting
radiation that is, in a sense, plucked
from empty space.
The
radiation belts are two donut - shaped regions of highly energetic particles trapped in the Earth's magnetic field — the inner, located just above our atmosphere and extending 4,000 miles into space; and the outer,
from 8,000 to 26,000 miles
out — and are named for their discoverer (as are the probes), the late James A. Van Allen of the University of Iowa.
To carry
out an exhaustive two - year survey of extrasolar planets in both celestial hemispheres, TESS needed to occupy a very particular position in space, a highly stable place that maximized sky coverage and gave the observatory a mostly unobstructed view of the cosmos, all
from a low -
radiation, thermally benign environment.
How do you figure
out what powers solar flares — the intense bursts of
radiation coming
from the release of magnetic energy associated with sunspots — when you must rely on observing only the light and particles that make their way to near - Earth's orbit?
Exquisite measurements of the
radiation left over
from the big bang led us to believe that we could work
out the curvature of the universe to within a few per cent.
All of the above are external sources of
radiation, but 40 millirems of our annual dose is internal, generated
from the decay of isotopes incorporated into the molecules of our being: a potassium - 40 atom in the brain firing off a gamma ray here, a carbon - 14 atom in the liver spitting
out a beta particle there.
The particles could have acted like a shield, blocking
out the sun and preventing some
radiation from evaporating water on the planet's surface, resulting in even less rainfall.
Thanks to the dry, clear atmosphere at the South Pole, SPT is better able to «look» at the cosmic microwave background — the thermal
radiation left over
from the Big Bang — and map
out the location of galaxy clusters, which are hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together gravitationally and among the largest objects in the universe.
In addition to accretion disks, black holes also have winds and incredibly bright jets erupting
from them along their rotation axis, shooting
out matter and
radiation at nearly the speed of light.
What could blast
out so much light and
radiation from such a small space?
Skepper says that it's «amazing» that insects were able to withstand the nano - suiting process well enough to grow
out of the larva stage afterward, although he agreed that
radiation from the electron current is still a major issue.
Medical researchers hold
out hope for «nanomiracles» ranging
from drugs that fight
radiation poisoning to a shoebox - size portable genetics testing lab.
Such clouds show a strong increase in cooling due to the reflected short waves, but that effect is partly cancelled
out by the enhanced, trapped, long - wave
radiation coming
from underneath.
The
radiation might not come
from radioactive materials on the planet itself, but rather
from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs)-- high - energy particles that careen through the universe after being flung
out of a supernova.
The gauntlet Juno ran at Jupiter held many chances for catastrophe: The spacecraft might have been knocked
out by intense magnetic fields (at that distance, 20 times stronger than Earth's), ionizing
radiation (a total dose of 265 rads — more than enough to kill a human being), dust particles
from Jupiter's rings (
from which the main engine was completely unshielded) or loss of power if the solar arrays were unable to reorient to the sun.
Such material could be hidden inside a lead container, making the
radiation levels leaking
out too low for the Geiger counter to detect, or the guard might be 100 meters away
from the source, allowing the intensity of the
radiation to dissipate before it reaches the detector.
Thidé, Tamburini and others recently showed how this detection scheme, carried
out using radio telescopes, could identify the tell - tale twisted
radiation from spinning black holes (see «How to spot a spinning black hole»).
His «other
radiations, if any» turned
out to be an entire spectrum of all sorts of cool waves,
from gamma
radiation to radio signals.
Marois and his team used ground - based infrared detection to seek
out exoplanets around nearby, young, massive stars — those whose planets would have wide orbits and emit significant amounts of
radiation as they cool
from their relatively recent births millions of years ago.
Steve Wing, an epidemiologist
from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, points
out that even the low levels of
radiation that remain in the environment could be significant in the long run «because so many more people are exposed, even though the dose per person decreases farther
from the plant.»
Black holes, being rather destructive, could surely stop a galaxy
from forming — say, by blasting
out radiation or jets of material.
Over time, galaxies will become isolated
from their neighbors; stars will wink
out; black holes will evaporate quantum mechanically into
radiation; even that
radiation will be diluted in a sea of space.