Sentences with phrase «radiation reaching the surface»

Scientists from the UNIGE explain the global temperature drop by a stratospheric injection of large amounts of sulphur dioxide reducing the intensity of solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth.

Using this input, a sophisticated computer model developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, was used to determine which areas receive direct sunlight, how much solar radiation reaches the surface, and how the conditions change over the course of a year on Ceres.

As less radiation reaches the surface, the atmosphere may become more stable and clouds more persistent than usual, and less water will evaporate from the surface, a finding corroborated by Qian's China study.

By obtaining continuous estimates of how much surface solar radiation would have occurred had clouds not been present, they were able to determine the effect of clouds on the solar radiation reaching the surface.

As the solar storm struck Mars, the rover's Radiation Assessment Director (RAD) tracked the amount of radiation reaching its surface.

This reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface and therefore cause a cooling in the troposphere.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

Natural variability might modulate the flow of energy between parts of the system, such as from ocean to atmosphere, but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations.

`... but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations...»

You haven't explained how the temperature is maintained at the Venus poles, where less than 1W / m ^ 2 of incident solar radiation reaches the surface, and not much more reaches the lower troposphere.

Of the solar radiation reaching the surface of water some 50 % is in the IR.

We have observed an increased greenhouse effect with more radiation reaching the surface and less leaving the atmosphere.

This is because global warming is caused by a global energy imbalance - something causing the Earth to retain more heat, such as an increase in solar radiation reaching the surface, or an increased greenhouse effect.

In addition, more ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface will have an effect on ecosystems and species as well as agriculture around the world.

This is larger than the post albedo incoming solar radiation reaching the surface.

However, in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, the high - altitude clouds usually clear out of the way to reveal lower altitude clouds below — which continue to reflect sunlight from their white tops, causing little effect on the solar radiation reaching the surface.

It is not «conduction» but exchange of radiation; if you keep your hands parallel at a distance of some cm the right hand does not (radiatively) «warm» the left hand or vice versa albeit at 33 °C skin temperature they exchange some hundreds of W / m ² (about 500 W / m ²) The solar radiation reaching the surface (for 71 % of the surface, the oceans) is lost by evaporation (or evapotranspiration of the vegetation), plus some convection (20 W / ²) and some radiation reaching the cosmos directly through the window 8µm to 12 µm (about 20 W / m ² «global» average); only the radiative heat flow surface to air (absorbed by the air) is negligible (plus or minus); the non radiative (latent heat, sensible heat) are transferred for surface to air and compensate for a part of the heat lost to the cosmos by the upper layer of the water vapour displayed on figure 6 - C.

Furthermore a greenhouse roof lets solar energy in and the descending air in high pressure cells causes clouds to dissipate which lets solar radiation reach the surface.

Further, virtually no solar radiation reaches the surface past the clouds etc..

The only theory I could find involving volcanoes was from Adams, Mann and Ammann which has the volcano affecting the solar radiation reaching the surface, not the heat of the eruption.

How you conceive of these two sentences, «What happens is that if more radiation reaches the surface, then it warms up and more radiation is emitted to space.

What happens is that if more radiation reaches the surface, then it warms up and more radiation is emitted to space.

This, in turn, should lead to more incoming radiation reaching the surface and hence to increased warming.

What I do know is that the figures you mention that are magnitudes greater are (similar to problem 1) the result of the current heat content / temperature of the oceans and not of a forcing from something that changed the amount of SW radiation reaching the surface.

In other words, are you claiming that the «greenhouse gases» above Wayne's line have no role in the quantity of downwelling radiation reaching the Surface?

Possibly some physical mechanism in the ocean changed - changes in rate of upper and lower ocean turnover, changes in locations of the turnover, changes in ocean currents, changes in the atmosphere affecting how much and where radiation reaches the surface or changing the heat transfer to the ocean, etc..

Your «all incoming radiation reaches the surface of the earth» isn't addressing that, because that's what I'm saying is happening... Because all radiation includes Thermal IR which isn't in the chart.

Not exact matches

The Montreal Protocol — one of the world's most successful environmental treaties — has protected the stratospheric ozone layer and avoided enhanced UV radiation reaching the earth's surface,» said UN Under - Secretary - General and UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner.

The high spatial resolution of the images allowed researchers to estimate the amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface.

During these two significant events, «the amount of radiation that reached the surface was less than that which would done if these aerosols had not been there,» Mª Ángeles Obregón, researcher in the Physics department of the University of Extremadura (UEx) and the University of Évora (Portugal) and lead author of this study, explains.

In active regions, where temperatures can reach millions of degrees, massive eruptions on the surface called flares spew out charged particles and high - energy radiation.

On Earth, temperature inversion occurs because ozone in the stratosphere absorbs much of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching the surface, protecting the biosphere, and therefore warming the stratosphere instead.

Twenty to 40 % of ozone coverage might have been lost — in turn, doubling the amount of UV radiation that reached Earth's surface, the team reports in a paper in press in Gondwana Research.

Aerosols that high in the sky «can change the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface and affect rainfall through cloud formation,» she says.

This worldwide volcanic dust veil acted as a solar radiation filter, reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of the earth.

The ozone layer would disappear for several years, allowing deadly ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface and kill many species.

Why it matters: The quantity of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface is the primary driver of the Earth - atmosphere system.

Natural global warming is self - rectifying either by slow chemical weathering processes responsible for mineral sequestration of carbon or by gradual return of Earth's orbital parameters to what they were before the onset of global warming, thereby significantly reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface.

If the material carried by the solar wind reached a planet's surface, its radiation would do severe damage to any life that might exist.

Using intruments to simultaneously measure the «cool skin», the ocean below, and the amount of heat (longwave radiation) reaching the ocean surface, researchers were able to confirm how greenhouse gases heat the ocean.

Some are of course external — large volcanic eruptions block incoming solar radiation from reaching and being absorved by Earth's surface.

This is because while carbon dioxide permits much of the incoming solar radiation (visible light) to reach the earth, it traps outgoing terrestrial (or infrared) radiation, slowing down the cooling of the earth's surface.

Adding CO2 does not (at least not before the climate response, which is generally stratospheric cooling and surface and tropospheric warming for increasing greenhouse gases) decrease the radiation to space in the central portion of the band because at those wavelengths, CO2 is so opaque that much or most radiation to space is coming from the stratosphere, and adding CO2 increases the heights from which radiation is able to reach space, and the stratospheric temperatures generally increase with increasing height.

The model variables that are evaluated against all sorts of observations and measurements range from solar radiation and precipitation rates, air and sea surface temperatures, cloud properties and distributions, winds, river runoff, ocean currents, ice cover, albedos, even the maximum soil depth reached by plant roots (seriously!).

Actually to reach a new, higher equilibrium temperature, the Earth surface (including oceans) must warm and thus the radiative budget MUST be unbalanced, less radiation must be emitted in space compared to the (unchanged) incoming solar radiation.

The burden of proof should be shifted to the aviation industry: Let them prove that their man - made layer of high - altitude smog has no undesirable consequences for weather, climate and the quality and quantity of the sun's radiation that reaches the surface of Earth.

And as well, peer reviewed science empirically shows that the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface increasing by 2.7 W / m ² to 6.8 W / m ² during the late 20th century warming.

``... peer reviewed science empriically shows that during the late 20th century warming there was an increase of 2.7 W / m ² to 6.8 W / m ² more solar radiation reaching the earth's surface, which was ~ 10 times greater than the increase in CO2 forcing..»

Miskolczi's optical thickness is how much of the surface emitted IR radiation reaches the top untouched and is equivalent to 15 %.

Solar activity has been the highest in the previous 4 centuries: http://www.climate4you.com/images/SolarIrradianceReconstructedSince1610%20LeanUntil2000%20From2001dataFromPMOD.gif The empirical data from peer reviewed science, Hatzianastassiou (2005), Goode (2007), Pinker (2005), Herman (2013), McLean (2014), shows that during the last 2 decades of the 20th century when most of the late 20th century warming occurred, the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface increased by 2.7 W / m ² to 6.8 W / m ².