The rest of this special News & Analysis section examines what we have learned about
radiation risks from previous exposures (p. 1504), improvements in safety since the boiling water designs at Fukushima (p. 1506), what to do with the wrecked reactors (p. 1507), and damage to research facilities from the earthquake (p. 1509).
Weaknesses: Wi - Fi needs to be working, More expensive than other monitors, Controversy and concern over
radiation risks from wireless networks to babies (see link above).
In addition, if the melted nuclear fuel proves bad enough — like Chernobyl's lethal mass of molten core known as the «elephant's foot» — it will have to be entombed for a number of years rather than removed, because of
radiation risk from what is essentially a cooled shell of ceramic armor surrounding a highly radioactive core that remains hot and is still undergoing radioactive decay.
Not exact matches
They have many health benefits such as preventing diabetes, reducing
risk of cancer, protecting DNA
from radiation harm, reducing signs of aging, facilitating digestion, boosting oral health, and lowering the
risk of cardiovascular disease.
From France to China to San Francisco, governments worldwide are taking the emerging evidence of public health risks from everyday radiation seriou
From France to China to San Francisco, governments worldwide are taking the emerging evidence of public health
risks from everyday radiation seriou
from everyday
radiation seriously.
Ultraviolet
radiation from the sun and artificial sources is the most preventable
risk factor for all forms of skin cancer, including melanoma.
A study of real - world exposure to non-ionizing
radiation from magnetic fields in pregnant women found a significantly higher rate of miscarriage, providing new evidence regarding their potential health
risks.
Assuming that the values and parameters for speed,
radiation dose and
risk stated above for Stuker are also true for you, dividing your total miles by 3,700,000,000 will give your approximate odds of getting cancer
from your flying time.
Using data
from a randomized trial of 206 men treated with either
radiation or,
radiation and six months of hormonal therapy, researchers compared early markers of prostate cancer death to identify men at
risk of dying early.
The space environment poses significant
risks to both humans and satellites due to harmful
radiation from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles that can easily penetrate typical shielding and damage electronics.
«Other
risks like being hit by lightning,» he adds, «are three or four times greater than
radiation - induced health effects
from coal plants.»
Dana Christensen, associate lab director for energy and engineering at ORNL, says that health
risks from radiation in coal by - products are low.
Ms Alice Koechlin,
from the International Prevention Research Institute in Lyon, France, told the meeting that people who were at highest
risk of dying
from melanoma were those born between 1900 and 1960 when not only were the dangerous effects of exposure to ultraviolet (UV)
radiation from sunlight largely unknown, but also health professionals believed that sunshine was positively beneficial.
Hotspots of
radiation from the nuclear disaster are still likely to cause localized, small increases in cancer
risk, according to a new report by the World Health Organization
«Health - care providers do not fully understand cancer
risk from CT scans: Knowledge of
radiation dose, associated
risks varies among referring physicians, radiologists, and technicians, according to a new study.»
The survey found that while most respondents recognized there is an increased
risk of cancer
from CT, many underestimated the actual
radiation dose.
«It is likely that very few Americans will be killed directly, suffer
radiation sickness, or even have a measurably increased
risk for cancer
from an attack,» Peter D. Zimmerman and Cheryl Loeb write in «Dirty Bombs: The Threat Revisited,» a report published by the Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University.
«It is important for healthcare professionals (including referring physicians, radiologists, and technologists) to be aware of
radiation dose levels and
risks from imaging tests for several reasons, including the ability to weigh the
risks and benefits of tests, counsel patients on relevant
risks, optimize protocols to minimize
radiation dose, and select appropriate protocols to minimize
radiation dose.»
The research team used data
from the recently published EORTC 22991 trial to study men with intermediate -
risk prostate cancer randomized to either
radiation therapy or
radiation therapy and 6 months hormone therapy.
In the group of patients with aggressive, or high
risk, prostate cancer, the average number of days
from diagnosis to surgery or
radiation treatment was 96 days for Caucasian patients, and 105 days for African American patients.
R. S. Sharma, a public health specialist on the panel
from the Indian Council of Medical Research, writes in the report that, «the hot tropical climate of the country, the low body mass index; low fat content of an average Indian as compared to European countries and high environmental concentration of radio frequency
radiation may place Indians under
risk of radio frequency
radiation adverse effect.»
Because children are known to be more susceptible than adults to
risks of cancer
from radiation, Physicians for Social Responsibility, a U.S. antinuclear proliferation group, condemned the exposure limit as «unconscionable.»
This was the first stage of a programme to remove unused and used fuel
from the reactor to counter the
risk of further
radiation leakage.
Studies have shown that the
risk of heart disease is higher in this group of women after
radiation treatment because it can be difficult to ensure that a sufficient dose of
radiation is delivered to the left breast while adequately shielding the heart
from exposure.
One of the biggest
risks from radiation is the psychological damage it causes.
«Additional
radiation to the surrounding lymph nodes reduced the
risk of subsequent recurrence of breast cancer both locally, such as under the arm, and at sites distant
from the breast, such as the bone, liver and lung.
This linear no - threshold (LNT) dose - response relationship has been used to extrapolate the
risks of low doses of
radiation from epidemiological studies that were done following exposure to much higher doses of
radiation (e.g. survivors of the atomic bombings).
However, the panel noted, techniques other than gene - splicing, such as mutagenesis
from radiation or chemicals, have a higher
risk of creating genetic surprises.
A new map
from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) shows the long - term
radiation risks to people living near Japan's ailing Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.
He suggests that current estimates of cancer
risk from low doses of
radiation — say,
from naturally occurring radon and diagnostic tests — may underestimate the danger by failing to take into account bystander effects.
To reach these figures, the board calculated the
risk of dying of
radiation - induced cancer
from a particular dose received every year.
The board issued interim measures in 1989 after it realised that the
risks from radiation were likely to be revised upwards, says Frances Fry, an assistant director at the board.
The National Radiological Protection Board's advice is based on a re-evaluation of data on survivors of the Nagasaki and Hiroshima atom bombs, which estimates that the
risks from radiation are three times as high as previously thought.
The current model for predicting cancer
risk from ionizing
radiation holds that
risk is directly proportional to dose.
«The currently available evidence indicates that the potential
risks to public health
from exposure to emissions associated with the shale gas extraction process are low if operations are properly run and regulated,» said John Harrison, director of PHE's center for
radiation, chemical and environmental hazards.
From there, they used the preferred published model of breast cancer risk from radiation exposure to project the number of radiation - induced breast canc
From there, they used the preferred published model of breast cancer
risk from radiation exposure to project the number of radiation - induced breast canc
from radiation exposure to project the number of
radiation - induced breast cancers.
«If we can identify similar genetic loci in people, and if we could find biomarkers for these gene - environment interactions, then perhaps we could develop a simple blood test that identifies people who are at high
risk of cancer
from low - dose
radiation,» says Mao.
The international team of researchers modeled the lifetime
risk of women developing
radiation - induced breast cancer
from digital screening mammography and dying
from the disease compared to the number of breast cancer deaths prevented by early detection.
From left, Berkeley Lab's Alvin Lo, Eleanor Blakely, Yurong Huang, Jian - Hua Mao, and Antoine Snijders are part of a team of scientists that uncovered new clues about the risk of cancer from low - dose radiat
From left, Berkeley Lab's Alvin Lo, Eleanor Blakely, Yurong Huang, Jian - Hua Mao, and Antoine Snijders are part of a team of scientists that uncovered new clues about the
risk of cancer
from low - dose radiat
from low - dose
radiation.
They studied mice and found their
risk of mammary cancer
from low - dose
radiation depends a great deal on their genetic makeup.
Risks from nuclear power plants can be explained in terms of the extra
radiation dose to members of the public being typically one hour per year.
The situation is even clearer for children, who are at greater
risk than adults
from a given dose of
radiation (Figure 4), both because they are inherently more radiosensitive and because they have more remaining years of life during which a
radiation - induced cancer could develop.
Scientists
from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have uncovered new clues about the
risk of cancer
from low - dose
radiation, which in this research they define as equivalent to 100 millisieverts or roughly the dose received
from ten full - body CT scans.
Otherwise,
radiation exposure
from the screening exam, and
radiation - induced breast cancer
risk, is more than doubled.
Any increased exposure to
radiation contributes to a cumulative theoretical lifetime
risk, including flying on a plane, but the
risk from a single x-ray is miniscule.
Researchers have found that treating patients who have early stage non-small cell lung cancer with a type of radiotherapy called stereotactic body
radiation therapy is associated with a small but increased
risk of death
from causes other than cancer.
Berkeley Lab scientists studied mice and found their
risk of mammary cancer
from low - dose
radiation depends a great deal on their genetic makeup.
The ozone layer is crucial since it blocks out the harmful ultraviolet
radiation from the sun known to increase the
risk of skin cancer and cataract damage, in addition to other harmful effects on plants and animals.
If ozone doesn't return to normal levels, the
risk of developing skin cancer and cataracts increases
from the increased levels of UV
radiation that will reach the Earth.
New predictive model shows
radiation from cosmic rays extends
from damaged to otherwise healthy «bystander» cells, effectively doubling cancer
risk.