Sentences with phrase «radiation to space means»

Slowing the escape of radiation to space means the planet is warmer than it would have been otherwise.

Not exact matches

Thinner air thus means fewer molecules to deflect incoming cosmic rays — radiation from outer space.

Alas, as Smith notes, that is where the similarities end; the «Earth - sized» world orbiting HD 10180 is too close to its star, meaning it is a roasted exoplanet where any atmosphere is blasted into space by the star's powerful radiation and stellar winds.

The fact that there is a natural greenhouse effect (that the atmosphere restricts the passage of long wave (LW) radiation from the Earth's surface to space) is easily deducible from i) the mean temperature of the surface (around 15ºC) and ii) knowing that the planet is roughly in radiative equilibrium.

Because the lapse rate is not zero, changing the altitude near the top of the atmosphere where infrared radiation escapes freely to space allows adjustment of the surface temperature by means of the addition of greenhouse gases.

The term «photosphere» for a star has essentially the same meaning as any of the six terms «Effective -LCB- Emission Radiation Radiating -RCB--LCB- Height Level -RCB-» for the atmosphere of a planet, being the altitude at which the gas above has an optical depth of 2/3, i.e. at which about 50 % of the radiation leaving that altitude vertically upwards escapes to space.

If the troposhere is cold, that means sea surface also is cold, and it is still gaining shortwave energy from the Sun at the same rate while it radiates a lesser amount longwave radiation to space.

Part Six — Nonlinearity and Dry Atmospheres — demonstrating that different distributions of water vapor yet with the same mean can result in different radiation to space, and how this is important for drier regions like the sub-tropics

Under those conditions, there will always be a lapse rate in the atmosphere (in the troposphere) as long as it can find some means to lose energy to interstellar space by radiation or loss of mass.

Therefore, if you work from the layer at which the radiation escapes into space (about 6 km) down to the ground, the negative lapse rate means that surface temperature has to be higher than the non-GHG temperature.

If Earth's mean energy imbalance today is +0.5 W / m2, CO2 must be reduced from the current level of 395 ppm (global - mean annual - mean in mid-2013) to about 360 ppm to increase Earth's heat radiation to space by 0.5 W / m2 and restore energy balance.

Somehow, largely by conduction, convection and latent heat, and such means other than by radiation, heat flows from the earth's surface to somewhere, where it is then radiated into space.

However, even though surface temperatures of land and ocean may experience feedback effects, there are few possible feedbacks posited for the level of the atmosphere where the net radiation to space takes place, and this means that the 1.2 degrees C heating effect must be absorbed within the boundaries of the atmosphere somewhere.

It also means less longwave radiation escaping to space.

Without atmosphere the surface of the ocean or land would lose o (T ^ 4 — Ts ^ 4)(1) where Ts is the temperature of the space (about 4K) while in the presence of the atmosphere the heat losses are hc * (T — Tl)(2) and o (T ^ 4 — Tl ^ 4)(3) where (2) represents the heat transfer by convection (inclusive conduction) through the air layer and (3) corresponds to the net flow due to the heat exchange by radiation, Tl being the mean temperature of the air layer.

5) Thus the presence of water vapour and CO2 means that less energy is radiated into space from within their characteristic radiation bands so the temperature of the earth's surface has to increase in order for energy radiated at other wavelengths to increase to compensate.

This means the Earth absorbed more energy from solar radiation than it emitted as heat back to space.

That goes for GHGs as much as it does for other gases, which means that radiation will gain more free access to space above in close step with the decrease in opaque gas molecules.

Therefore, since energy may leave the Earth System only by radiation out to Space, the mean energy output of the Earth System is about 240 Watts / m ^ 2.

The violet curve (above right) shows that, assuming a mean temperature of 255 K, Earth System radiation to Space is in a squat, wide «longwave» range, from about 5μm to beyond 40μm, which we call mid - and far - infrared.

Notice that the Earth System mean temperature I had to use to provide 240 Watts / m ^ 2 of radiation to Space to balance the input absorbed from by the Earth System from the Sun was 255 K. However, the actual mean temperature at the Surface is closer to 288 K.

Heat always moves from warmer to colder, so it must move, through whatever means, from the tropics to the arctic or, via radiation, to outer space.

Ira said: «Notice that the Earth System mean temperature I had to use to provide 240 Watts / m ^ 2 of radiation to Space to balance the input absorbed from by the Earth System from the Sun was 255 K. However, the actual mean temperature at the Surface is closer to 288 K.

If you mean by «the atmosphere heats the earth» that the atmosphere causes the earth to be at a higher steady - state temperature than if all of the radiation that the earth emitted went back out into space, then yes, that is what I am claiming; however, it doesn't violate the 2nd Law because the heat still goes from the earth to the atmosphere.

The first part of Secretary Langley's instruction required me to procure or design and construct the best instruments and means for determining the intensity of the sun's radiation in free space at the earth's mean solar distance.

«The Planck feedback parameter [equivalent to κ — 1] is negative (an increase in temperature enhances the long - wave emission to space and thus reduces R [the Earth's radiation budget]-RRB-, and its typical value for the earth's atmosphere, estimated from GCM calculations (Colman 2003; Soden and Held 2006), is ~ 3.2 W m2ºK — 1 (a value of ~ 3.8 W m2ºK — 1 is obtained by defining [κ — 1] simply as 4σT3, by equating the global mean outgoing long - wave radiation to σT4 and by assuming an emission temperature of 255 ºK).»

It will be convenient here to define the term radiative exchange equilibrium between two specified regions of space (or bodies) as meaning that for the two regions (or bodies) A and B, the rate of flow of radiation emitted by A and absorbed by B is equal to the rate of flow the other way, regardless of other forms of transport that may be occurring.

The atmosphere is in long - term equilibrium which means that all thermally emitted radiation is in balance with the loss at the top of the atmospher to space.

Meanwhile, he continued, higher cloud tops in effect thicken the total column of cloud, and that means more trapping of infrared or heat radiation that would otherwise exit to space.