Sentences with phrase «radiation transport in»

Not exact matches

These include adequate uranium supply (probably necessitating immense uranium strip mines in Tennessee), almost inconceivable reactor and waste - transport accidents, low - level radiation effects from normal plant operations, and the burden of guarding both radioactive waste and outdated but radioactive nuclear plants for thousands of years.

Of particular interest are changes in mechanical and thermal transport properties with which researchers try to determine the lifetime for safe use of the material in engineering systems within radiation environments.

Additionally, large trees with crowns high in the canopy are exposed to higher solar radiation, and the ability to transport water to their foliage is lower.

And, it is hypothesized that gravitational waves are responsible for transporting energy in the form of gravitational radiation — much like electromagnetic waves carry electromagnetic radiation.

The work will be performed in the context of a new NERC - funded consortium led by the British Antarctic Survey (Rad - Sat) whose goal is to model the acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt electrons to protect satellites from space weather.

14 C is produced by thermal neutrons from cosmic radiation in the upper atmosphere, and is transported down to earth to be absorbed by living biological material.

Description: This time out, Picard (Patrick Stewart) and his executive crew must transport to a Shangri - la - like planet to see why their android crewmate Data (Brent Spiner) has run amuck in a village full of peaceful Ba «ku artisans who — thanks to their planet's «metaphasic radiation» — haven't aged in 309 years.

My own specialty (radiation effects in semiconductors) combines nuclear physics, semiconductor physics, electromagnetism, spacecraft design, radiation transport and details of semiconductor fabrication — and maybe a wee bit o» psychology as well.

One is to acknowledge that calculation of radiation transport through a partially opaque atmosphere is one of those problems that seems easy until you try to write down the equations, and then you find it's a monster — the great mathematical physicist S. Chandrasekhar spent years working on it and wrote a book full of equations on stellar atmospheres that I think hardly anyone in atmospheric physics even tries to read.

(mostly by faster transport of radiation, which compensates for the CO2 slowdown, since tha amount of energy is fixed by what comes in from the sun) The failure to return to equilibrium means that the Laws Of Physics ie the Stefan - Boltzmann Law (SBL) is NOT allowed to function.

As far as I know, if the only physical mechanism under consideration is the radiative cooling of the planet's surface (which was heated by shortwave solar radiation and reradiated at longer wavelengths in the infrared) via radiative transport, additional gas of any kind can only result in a higher equilibrium temperature.

There is non-radiative heat flux in the atmosphere though and energy can be transported above the level where the greenhouse effect is dominant but eventually must be lost by thermal radiation.

Given the sensible & latent heat transport # s above, it doesn't seem very plausible for convection & conduction to play a role comparable to radiation (especially because latent heat transport also puts more moister in the upper atm, and that water vapor feedback traps more radiation).

Dynamical upward transport by convection removes excess heat from the surface more efficiently than longwave radiation is able to accomplish in the presence of a humid, optically thick boundary layer, and deposits it in the upper troposphere where it is more easily radiated to space, thereby affecting the planetary energy balance.

So the thermal energy transported to high altitudes, must be ultimately converted to Electro - magnetic radiation, in order to escape the planet.

Thus variations in Antarctica's climate are governed by changes in heat transport versus the steady radiation of heat back to space.

Due to these short term changes in the local radiation - pattern and energy - transport through convection, the longterm sensitivity - as a parameter - is not constant.

The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model development

This treats the atmosphere as two layers; in the lower layer, convection is the main heat transport, while in the upper layer, it is radiation.

If there were no greenhouse gases, it would be less clear whether convection or radiation governed in the troposphere, since there would be a lot less resistance to radiative transport.

TonyB, to answer seriously, it would be helpful to know what portions of The 2010 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion and also Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and its Interactions with Climate Change: 2010 Assessment are accessible to your technical understanding, particularly in regard to physical chemistry and the quantum theory of radiation transport.

The evolution of global mean surface temperatures, zonal means and fields of sea surface temperatures, land surface temperatures, precipitation, outgoing longwave radiation, vertically integrated diabatic heating and divergence of atmospheric energy transports, and ocean heat content in the Pacific is documented using correlation and regression analysis.

«Because the solar - thermal energy balance of Earth [at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)-RSB- is maintained by radiative processes only, and because all the global net advective energy transports must equal zero, it follows that the global average surface temperature must be determined in full by the radiative fluxes arising from the patterns of temperature and absorption of radiation.»

The atmosphere is analogous to a flexible lens that is shaped by the density distribution of the gas molecules, of the atmosphere in the space between the sphere holding them, and space; Incoming heat gets collected in many ways and places,, primarily by intermittent solar radiation gets stored, in vast quantities, and slowly but also a barrage of mass and energy fluxes from all directions; that are slowly transported great distances and to higher altitudes mostly by oceanic and atmospheric mass flows.

Is it transport of energy into the atmosphere by transpiration, or the increased downwelling radiation from an increased amount of water in that atmosphere?

«Radiative energy transport, on the other hand, depends only on the difference of the local matter and radiation temperatures at a single point in space.

They combined simple energy balance considerations with a physical assumption for the way water vapour is transported, and separated the contributions of surface heating from solar radiation and from increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to obtain the two sensitivities.

In 1946 British physicists Alan Brewer and Gordon Dobson [3] devised a model of very slow, convective, stratospheric ozone transport from the equator to the poles (Fig 1), explaining why more ozone is found in polar regions than near the equator where more solar radiation occurIn 1946 British physicists Alan Brewer and Gordon Dobson [3] devised a model of very slow, convective, stratospheric ozone transport from the equator to the poles (Fig 1), explaining why more ozone is found in polar regions than near the equator where more solar radiation occurin polar regions than near the equator where more solar radiation occurs.

In the case of dry air and without CO2, the cooling of the radiator is given by h * (T - Ta) where T and Ta are temperatures of the surface and the air layer, respectively, at the given time t. h describes the heat transport from the surface to the layer by radiation and convection.

However, the transport of heat into the air might go through four channels, which are radiation, convection of the air in the air layer, heat conduction and evaporation.

The danger in this, is that you're already assuming some kind of a response mechanism, and are working back to get a parameter to fit a potentially flawed assumption (like convective heat transport / w water, which is not radiation based).

And I still do not believe «molecules in motion» can be transported by radiation.

In other words, a bigger share of the 240 W / m 2 of the vertical energy transport will be transported by convective / advective means with a stronger GHE, and a smaller share by radiative means because the sum of convective vertical energy transport plus the diminished radiative flux must add up to about 240 W / m 2 in order to balance the incoming shortwave radiatioIn other words, a bigger share of the 240 W / m 2 of the vertical energy transport will be transported by convective / advective means with a stronger GHE, and a smaller share by radiative means because the sum of convective vertical energy transport plus the diminished radiative flux must add up to about 240 W / m 2 in order to balance the incoming shortwave radiatioin order to balance the incoming shortwave radiation.

Variations in SST due to variations in heat transport by ocean currents or diffusion into the thermocline are neglected while contributions by changes in evaporation, turbulent transfer, and surface radiation are estimated as being proportional to the anomalous air - sea temperature difference.

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