Not exact matches
Sally, who was nominated by Dr. Beat Schmid,
Associate Director, Atmospheric Sciences and Global
Change Division, was honored for her exceptional contribution in the field of atmospheric science, particularly in her efforts to improve understanding of the
radiative effect of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's atmosphere and their representation in climate models.
The top priorities should be reducing uncertainties in climate sensitivity, getting a better understanding of the effect of climate
change on atmospheric circulation (critical for understanding of regional climate
change,
changes in extremes) and reducing uncertainties in
radiative forcing — particularly those
associated with aerosols.
Guemas et al. (Nature Climate
Change 2013) shows that the slower warming of the last ten years can not be explained by a change in the radiative balance of our Earth, but rather by a change in the heat storage of the oceans, and that this can be at least partially reproduced by climate models, if one accounts for the natural fluctuations associated with El Niño in the initialization of the m
Change 2013) shows that the slower warming of the last ten years can not be explained by a
change in the radiative balance of our Earth, but rather by a change in the heat storage of the oceans, and that this can be at least partially reproduced by climate models, if one accounts for the natural fluctuations associated with El Niño in the initialization of the m
change in the
radiative balance of our Earth, but rather by a
change in the heat storage of the oceans, and that this can be at least partially reproduced by climate models, if one accounts for the natural fluctuations associated with El Niño in the initialization of the m
change in the heat storage of the oceans, and that this can be at least partially reproduced by climate models, if one accounts for the natural fluctuations
associated with El Niño in the initialization of the models.
Unlike the scenarios developed by the IPCC and reported in Nakicenovic et al. (2000), which examined possible global futures and
associated greenhouse - related emissions in the absence of measures designed to limit anthropogenic climate
change, RCP4.5 is a stabilization scenario and assumes that climate policies, in this instance the introduction of a set of global greenhouse gas emissions prices, are invoked to achieve the goal of limiting emissions and
radiative forcing.
The effect of this mixed dust - pollution plume on the Pacific cloud systems and the
associated radiative forcing is an outstanding problem for understanding climate
change and has not been explored.
The decadal
changes in TOA flux
associated with ENSO and the PDO suggest that the longer term patterns
associated with
changing SST over centuries to millennia are
associated with significant but unknowable
changes in cloud
radiative forcing.
Now that we know how to calculate the
radiative forcing
associated with an increase in CO2, how do we determine the
associated temperature
change?
A: A number of issues
associated with climate
change are fundamental physics topics, including the connection between greenhouse gas increases and warming,
radiative transfer, spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and energy balance.
«Since irradiance variations are apparently minimal,
changes in the Earth's climate that seem to be
associated with
changes in the level of solar activity — the Maunder Minimum and the Little Ice age for example — would then seem to be due to terrestrial responses to more subtle
changes in the Sun's spectrum of
radiative output.
This is achieved through the study of three independent records, the net heat flux into the oceans over 5 decades, the sea - level
change rate based on tide gauge records over the 20th century, and the sea - surface temperature variations... We find that the total
radiative forcing
associated with solar cycles variations is about 5 to 7 times larger than just those
associated with the TSI variations, thus implying the necessary existence of an amplification mechanism, although without pointing to which one.
Radiative forcing is, more or less, the difference in terms of energy per square metre that's
associated with any given action that
changes the climate; it's a pretty routine way of expressing things in IPCC - land.
Although we focus on a hypothesized CR - cloud connection, we note that it is difficult to separate
changes in the CR flux from accompanying variations in solar irradiance and the solar wind, for which numerous causal links to climate have also been proposed, including: the influence of UV spectral irradiance on stratospheric heating and dynamic stratosphere - troposphere links (Haigh 1996); UV irradiance and
radiative damage to phytoplankton influencing the release of volatile precursor compounds which form sulphate aerosols over ocean environments (Kniveton et al. 2003); an amplification of total solar irradiance (TSI) variations by the addition of energy in cloud - free regions enhancing tropospheric circulation features (Meehl et al. 2008; Roy & Haigh 2010); numerous solar - related influences (including solar wind inputs) to the properties of the global electric circuit (GEC) and
associated microphysical cloud
changes (Tinsley 2008).
«These shifts were accompanied by breaks in the global mean temperature trend with respect to time, presumably
associated with either discontinuities in the global
radiative budget due to the global reorganization of clouds and water vapor or dramatic
changes in the uptake of heat by the deep ocean.
a) «Whether or not these climate
changes arise primarily from increased
radiative forcing
associated with rising greenhouse gas concentrations or are mainly due to the natural dynamical behavior of the climate system,...»
Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal
changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a
change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the
change in cloud
radiative properties
associated with a
change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.
Indeed however, as your post nicely illuminates for our readers, there are a more general set of questions dealing with the complex issue of how vegetation will respond not just to CO2
changes, but to the climate
changes themselves that may result from the
associated radiative forcing.
«Measurements of the
Radiative Surface Forcing of Climate» W.F.J. Evans, North West Research
Associates, Bellevue, WA; and E. Puckrin 18th Conference on Climate Variability and
Change
I think it is really important to make that distinction - that there are a number of factors that influence the extent of Arctic sea ice, some of them of course
associated with
changes in the
radiative forcing from the atmosphere, as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols, but also
changes in the atmospheric circulation and also the advection of heat into or out of the Arctic by the ocean circulation.
Future assessments of possible climate
change need to account for these different spatial and temporal dynamics of GHG and SO2 emissions, and they need to cover the whole range of
radiative forcing
associated with the scenarios.