It's still qualitative however, and getting a better handle on the question
requires radiative transfer modeling and simulations that can adequately handle a greenhouse - free atmosphere without blowing up.
Collaborative products range from published papers that build
realistic radiative transfer models from within the ocean to the top of the atmosphere to the assembly of novel databases that contain ocean and atmospheric measurements useful to develop novel algorithms.
Iacono, M. J., J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, M. W. Shephard, S. A. Clough, and W. D. Collins (2008), Radiative forcing by long - lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the
AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys.
Here, using fully coupled global climate model integrations, in addition to
radiative transfer model calculations, the authors confirm the existence of such a negative RFTOA: INST over parts of Antarctica in response to an in - stantaneous quadrupling of CO2.
Figure 2, above: Surface incident photon flux densities for Earth, and for planets in the habitable zone of F, K, and M stars, as calculated from atmospheric composition by Segura et al. and the
SMART radiative transfer model of Crisp.
Models ranging from 1 -
dimensional radiative transfer models to full GCMs all suggest that these aerosols were sufficient to alter the planetary energy balance and cause global cooling in the annual mean surface temperatures.
Dyudina, U.A., A.P. Ingersoll, A.R. Vasavada, S.P. Ewald, and Galileo SSI Team, 2002: Monte
Carlo radiative transfer modeling of lightning observed in Galileo images of Jupiter.
Gilerson, A., M. Oo, J. Chowdhary, B. Gross, F. Moshary, and S. Ahmed, 2005: Polarization discrimination fluorescence retrieval from reflectance spectra of algae in seawater: comparison of multicomponent Mie scattering and
polarized radiative transfer models with laboratory and field tests.
During the Quality Measurement Experiment, a detailed analysis of the output from the AERI Line - by -
Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) indicated that the error between the observed radiance from the AERI and that calculated by the LBLRTM is primarily due to errors in specifying the atmospheric state.
Radiative forcing by long - lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models
Johnson and his colleagues used
a radiative transfer model to simulate the impact conditions required to produce such a cooling rate.
Comparing our images with
a radiative transfer model we argue that the southern side of the disk is most likely the nearest.
We construct
a radiative transfer model that accounts for the main characteristics of the features with an inner and outer disk misaligned by ~ 72 degrees.