Sentences with phrase «rainfall variability»

However, in contrast, there has been an increase in the daily rainfall variability during July - August by five per cent, says the study.They evaluated how the characteristics of wet spells, with days of heavy rain, and dry spells have changed between two 30 - year periods, 1951 to 1980 and 1981 to 2011.

Li, W., L. Li, R. Fu, Y. Deng, and H. Wang, 2010: Changes to the North Atlantic Subtropical High and Its Role in the Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States.

Faced with increasing rainfall variability — especially continuous, four - year droughts — mountain farmers in Southwest China's Yunnan province have developed innovative strategies to minimize water - related threats to their livelihoods.

Empirical results for C4 grasslands confirm a similar monotonic (hump - backed) relationship between NPP and rainfall variability (Nippert et al., 2006).

The rainfall variability emerges out of sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific Ocean.

Ecosystem responses to past rainfall variability in the Sahel are potentially useful as an analogue of future climate change impacts, in the light of projections that extreme drought - affected terrestrial areas will increase from 1 % to about 30 % globally by the 2090s (Burke et al., 2006).

Increased rainfall variability was more significant than rainfall amount for tall - grass prairie productivity (Fay et al., 2000, 2002), with a 50 % increase in dry - spell duration causing 10 % reduction in NPP (Fay et al., 2003) and a 13 % reduction in soil respiration (Harper et al., 2005).

It may be an improvement on limited data but can't provide long term changes — which alone can provide limits of rainfall variability.

In an African savanna system, rainfall after a dry spell generates substantial soil respiration activity and soil respiratory carbon losses (Veenendaal et al., 2004), suggesting strong sensitivity to rainfall variability.

Since about 1900, multi-decadal-scale rainfall variability persisted, with drying trends between around 1930 - 1950 and 1960 - 1985 (Hulme, 2001; Nicholson, 2001).

The length of the dry season and rainfall variability are also important, however.

In addition, the large - scale climate models have large errors in representing the processes that control rainfall variability and changes (e.g., Li et al., 2006; Yin et al., 2012).

Shows that the changes in discharge extremes are related to the regional pluriannual rainfall variability and the associated atmospheric circulation as well as to tropical large - scale climatic indicators

Here we present the first reconstruction of rainfall variability for the western tropical Atlantic that spans the past 8 centuries and is derived from the δ18O of speleothem calcite.

Nomoto, Takaaki (2016): Rainfall Variability and Macroeconomic Performance: A Case Study of India, 1952 — 2013 < Preliminary Version >.

The intensity and position of the sub-tropical ridge (STR) have strong relationships with rainfall variability in southern Australia.

The statistical methods, however, can not fully account for some of the rainfall variability.

The article focuses on the study which examines the impact of climate change on rainfall variability in tropical countries.

This appears to be related to a poor representation of the spatial relationships between rainfall variability and zonal wind patterns across southeast Australia in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project ensemble, particularly in the areas where weather systems embedded in the mid-latitude westerlies are the main source of cool - season rainfall.

Most of the radiative variability is ENSO, most of the global rainfall variability is ENSO, most of the global temperature variability is ENSO.

The research will be directed toward using a combined observational and modeling approach to investigate the nature and cause of the Congo rainfall variability in the 20st century, with an emphasis on the role of global sea surface temperatures.

In Zambia, rainfall variability will lower agricultural growth by 1 percent each year and cost the country $ 4.3 billion in GDP over 10 years (ADBG 2013).

To assess the role played by climate change in the unusual conditions, the research team turned to historical meteorological observations to conduct an analysis segregating the contribution of pressure patterns and other factors, like ocean temperatures, to rainfall variability.

In negative IPO phases, an El Niño — Southern Oscillation (ENSO)- precipitation teleconnection dominates Australian rainfall variability, but this connection fades and drought risk is increased during positive IPO phases [Power et al., 1999; Kiem and Franks, 2004; Cai et al., 2010].

As a 2014 paper on pastoralism and climate change adaptation in northern Kenya explains, pastoralists are especially exposed to climate change because in east Africa it manifests itself in «increasing temperatures and higher rainfall variability... with both escalating the likelihood of more frequent and extended droughts.»

In contrast, the daily rainfall variability during July - August shows a statistically significant (5 per cent significance level) increasing trend.

The effects of circulation change in the North Atlantic are different to (potentially solar - driven) rainfall variability in the sub-tropics and are different again from the impacts of changing frequency and intensity in El Nino patterns.

«There is high confidence that the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) will remain the dominant mode of natural climate variability in the 21st century with global influences in the 21st century, and that regional rainfall variability it induces likely intensifies.

The latter would have the most profound long - term impact, as rainfall variability and hence extreme fire conditions will increase in all modelled scenarios29.

At this time the E-W sea surface temperature gradients in both the Pacific and Indian Oceans increased [29], [31] intensifying the E-W moisture transport in the tropics, which greatly increased rainfall variability both on a precession and an ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) time - scales.

To single out the effects of human - caused climate change, the researchers used statistical methods to remove the effects of the AMO and PDO on rainfall variability during the period from 1920 to 2013.

Growing scarcity In addition to a growing scarcity of natural resources such as land, water and biodiversity «global agriculture will have to cope with the effects of climate change, notably higher temperatures, greater rainfall variability and more frequent extreme weather events such as floods and droughts,» Diouf warned.

Not exact matches

«It can't be detected at present day because the signal, the decrease in rainfall, is small compared to the interannual variability in rainfall,» said Gordon Bonan, a climate scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, who was not connected to the study.

Record - breaking rainfall in southeastern Australia between July and September, for example, was due to natural variability, one study found.

Spracklen and Garcia - Carreras show through their analysis that deforestation has reduced rainfall, but the reduction is currently smaller than the natural variability in the system.

«Climate change will be a small but steady contributor to rainfall in the region,» says Jeff Knight, climate variability expert at the UK Met Office Hadley Centre.

Wrestling with natural variability Scientists have looked for these changes in rainfall patterns, but they are often difficult to distinguish because there is so much natural variability in precipitation.

So looking for both increased rainfall in wet areas and a shift in storm tracks away from the equator helped the researchers separate the signal of climate change from the noise of natural variability.

The consistent result is that 4 to 12 percent variability change of daily monsoon rainfall in India are to be expected per degree Celsius of warming.

Unlike the freakish situation in California, where several years of low snowfall and rainfall are serving as a reminder of the tremendous natural variability in Pacific - influenced weather, and the need to always be vigilant when it comes to managing water supplies, the situation in Washington resembles the parched climate - changed normal for swaths of the West in the decades ahead.

Such modulation of ENSO impacts by the decadal monsoon variability was also observed in the rainfall regimes over Southeast Asia (Kripalani and Kulkarni, 1997b).

Rainfall during the Indian monsoon season, which runs from June to September and accounts for about 70 % of annual rainfall, exhibits decadal variRainfall during the Indian monsoon season, which runs from June to September and accounts for about 70 % of annual rainfall, exhibits decadal varirainfall, exhibits decadal variability.

Results of both regional climate model simulations and observational analyses suggest that much of the observed rainfall increase — as well as the decrease in temperature and increase in humidity — is attributable to agricultural intensification in the central United States, with natural variability and GHG emissions playing secondary roles.

... On decadal to multidecadal timescales, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the Atlantic tripole mode determine the variability of rainfall over India (Sen Roy et al., 2003; Lu et al., 2006; Zhang and Delworth, 2006; Li et al., 2008; Sen Roy, 2011; Krishnamurthy and Krishnamurthy, 2014a, 2014b, 2016b).

May, W., 2004: Simulation of the variability and extremes of daily rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon for present and future times in a global time - slice experiment.

But instead of looking back through history, he looks ahead to when temperature and rainfall in different parts of the world are likely to emerge from current natural variability.

While the expectation for bouts of rainfall 20 - 30 % heavier than today takes into account the contribution from climate change to date, it largely reflects what we can expect to see within the bounds of natural variability — not future climate change.

Periods that are of possibly the most interest for testing sensitivities associated with uncertainties in future projections are the mid-Holocene (for tropical rainfall, sea ice), the 8.2 kyr event (for the ocean thermohaline circulation), the last two millennia (for decadal / multi-decadal variability), the last interglacial (for ice sheets / sea level) etc..

But many of the key questions — regional variability, changes in the patterns of rainfall or statistics of drought, or the interplay of dynamics and thermodynamics in sea ice change — can only be approached using comprehensive models.

Hidden within annual averages and expected variability are startling instances of new temperature and rainfall records in many parts of the world.