This size allows the team to
run simulations under a variety of different pressure and temperature combinations, ultimately allowing it to calculate a small but representative sample of material interactions under a variety of conditions.
In addition to a business - as - usual scenario, the team
ran its simulations under two mitigation scenarios, previously proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in which efforts are made to mitigate global warming to 2 and 3 degrees Celsius, relative to pre-industrial times.
Not exact matches
We
ran Chase Paymentech through a few direct
simulations to give you an estimate for what the cost may be to your business
under the different pricing tiers.
To do this, they
run simulations at slightly lower resolutions
under different hypothetical conditions to determine where the uncertainties are in the forecasts.
«We are now at a stage where a large enough number of these
simulations can be
run to map out large parts of the phase diagram of materials
under extreme conditions in sufficient detail to effectively support experimental efforts.»
When I
ran a 90 % stocks - 10 % portfolio through T. Rowe Price's retirement income calculator, which uses Monte Carlo
simulations based on projected returns rather than historical data, I got a somewhat lower success rate for 30 years: just
under 80 %.
As a check of this, one could comparing the climate model
simulations of temperature change using the historical forcing
runs with the temperature change produced by the same models
under CO2 - only forcing
runs * at times of equivalent total forcing change *.
A recent meta - analysis published in the journal Nature Climate Change, by Challinor et al. (2014) examines 1,722 crop model
simulations,
run using global climate model output
under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on crop yield.
The retrospective
simulation results, in conjunction with available observations, will be compared to results from the projection
runs in order to quantify the changes in an ice - diminished Arctic Ocean
under various scenarios.
Whereas most proxy - based reconstructions point to an early - middle LIG climatic optimum with reduced summer sea ice concentrations between 126 and 116 ka, the results of our model
simulations only support a pronounced reduction in summer sea ice concentration for the LIG - 125 and LIG - 130
runs (in both time slice as well as transient
runs; Figs. 8 and 9), but also indicate that sea ice was still present in the central Arctic Ocean even
under climatic conditions significantly warmer than today (Fig. 4).
The other
simulations were
run under approximated pre-industrial conditions: lower greenhouse gas concentrations, cooler sea surface temperatures, and the largest sea ice extent available from the satellite era (1986/1987).
We also make use of two lengthy control
simulations conducted with CESM1
under constant 1850 radiative conditions: a 2200 - year control
run using the fully - coupled configuration (hereafter termed the «coupled control
run»), and a 2600 - year control
run using only the atmospheric model component coupled to the land model component from CESM1 with a specified repeating seasonal cycle of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice conditions taken from the long - term climatology of the fully - coupled control
run (hereafter termed the «atmospheric control
run»).