Cosmologists expected these tiny
temperature differences to be distributed at
random, but
in 2003, when NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite surveyed the CMB and mapped the
fluctuations at different scales, some unexpected patterns emerged.
At the time (1981) that Hansen published his paper on global warming, it was a theory of what could happen
in future times — the trend
in global
temperatures was still decidedly downwards, as it had been for several decades, and upswings and downswings
in the trend were regarded as «
random fluctuations» which nobody bothered to try explain.