Sentences with phrase «range of temperature observations»

But if we cut through the spagetti, and highlight the real range of temperature observations, the graph looks more like this:

Not exact matches

By simulating past summers — instead of relying solely on observations — the scientists established a large range of temperatures that could have occurred naturally under the same conditions, including greenhouse gas concentrations and volcanic eruptions.

However, we also specifically show how high - contrast AO and speckle imaging observations detect companions at larger separations ($ \ theta \ geq $ 0.02 - 0.05») that are missed by the spectroscopic technique, provide additional information for characterizing the companion and its potential contamination (e.g., PA, separation, $ \ Delta $ m), and cover a wider range of primary star effective temperatures.

Depending on the time of the observation correction approach chosen, the resulting temperature trends between 1979 and 2016 ranged from as low as 0.13 C per decade to as high as 0.22 C per decade.

We use simple representations of the carbon cycle and global temperature, consistent with observations, to simulate transient global temperature and assess carbon emission scenarios that could keep global climate near the Holocene range.

(6) In a case where a specimen is collected under direct observation because of the temperature being out of range, you must process both the original specimen and the specimen collected using direct observation and send the two sets of specimens to the laboratory.

• When a specimen is out of temperature range or shows signs of tampering and the employee refuses to provide a second specimen under direct observation, it is considered a refusal to test.

The model variables that are evaluated against all sorts of observations and measurements range from solar radiation and precipitation rates, air and sea surface temperatures, cloud properties and distributions, winds, river runoff, ocean currents, ice cover, albedos, even the maximum soil depth reached by plant roots (seriously!).

This is the same thing that became evident when RealClimate used that broad range of outputs to explain why there are «no» clear model - data inconsistencies regarding the tropical troposphere temperature observations.

The second observation relates to the apparent difference in the wet / dry adiabatic altitude at temperatures in the range of -30 Deg C. Apparently, the British Arctic Survey Team operating out of Northern Canada in 2006 seemed to suggest that the formation of ice / snow in the upper atmospheric region of around 250mb seems to be remaining as super cooled water drops.

Regardless of whether such adjustments are applied to the climate model output, the observations, using the latest data, fall inside the modeled range when we consider the numerous sources of uncertainty for surface temperature data (c.f. Fig 4).

The models are gauged against the following observation - based datasets: Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP; Xie and Arkin, 1997) for precipitation (1980 — 1999), European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts 40 - year reanalysis (ERA40; Uppala et al., 2005) for sea level pressure (1980 — 1999) and Climatic Research Unit (CRU; Jones et al., 1999) for surface temperature (1961 — 1990).

All temperatures from observations have an uncertainty range of ± 0.1 °C so it is important not to read too much into the individual rankings for each year.

It is still the case that observations are more - or-less in the middle of the model simulations, but it can now be seen that the range of simulated values for absolute global average temperature is pretty large (~ 2.5 C).

Looking at the many thousands of observations I have collected from personal research at a mumber of places ranging from The Met office archives and Library, The Scott Polar Institue in Cambridge, The library of Exeter Cathedral etc I do not recognise the temperature tendancy that the graphs in the article demonstrated particularly as regards the blade reading so much warmer than other periods..

As you mention below you would need to have estimates of the diurnal temperature range at different locations and times of year and to know the observation times and locations of all the observations to see how they all interact.

«Using a mixture of observations and climate model outputs and a simple parametrization of leaf - level photosynthesis incorporating known temperature sensitivities, we find no evidence for tropical forests currently existing «dangerously close» to their optimum temperature range.

It should say something like «Although CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere have risen in line with earlier projections, globally - averaged temperature observations have risen less than projected and are currently at or below the low end of the range in past IPCC assessments.»

temperature could have exacerbated the 2014 drought by approximately 36 %... These observations from the paleoclimate record suggest that high temperatures have combined with the low but not yet exceptional precipitation deficits to create the worst short - term drought of the last millennium for the state of California... Future severe droughts are expected to be in part driven by anthropogenic influences and temperatures outside the range of the last millennium.

This is based on a range of evidence including past temperature proxies and climate histories, and present day observations.

We use simple representations of the carbon cycle and global temperature, consistent with observations, to simulate transient global temperature and assess carbon emission scenarios that could keep global climate near the Holocene range.

As far as I can tell, in each of those areas the debate takes basically the same shape as with temperatures: «skeptics» claiming that short - term observations disprove long - term predictions and «realists» saying that the short - term variability is within long - term error ranges.

If there were global temperatures more than 2 °C of 3 °C above the current average temperature, this would take the climate outside of the range of observations which have been made over the last several hundred thousand years.»

aaron says: «ie., could differences such as altitude range of observation affect timing of when heat is observed as temperature and explain variance.

ie., could differences such as altitude range of observation affect timing of when heat is observed as temperature and explain variance.

Second, orbital instrumental observations provide only a recent record of land surface area temperature assessment, and the methods involved had to be calibrated against the prevailing standards of proximal thermometric determination, the widely - ranged system of meteorological thermometers in these United States providing (as others here have observed) a sort of «gold standard» in terms of technology, maintenance, and reliability as compared with similar broadly spaced systems of monitoring stations.

But as long as the true temperatures are distributed more or less continuously and smoothly over a wide range, the «expected value» of the rounding error in a randomly selected observation will be very very close to zero.

A wide range of other observations (such as reduced Arctic sea ice extent and increased ocean heat content) and indications from the natural world (such as poleward shifts of temperature - sensitive species of fish, mammals, insects, etc.) together provide incontrovertible evidence of planetary - scale warming.

Types of ground - based observations include synoptic cloud extent, cloud base height observations, diurnal temperature range (DTR) variations, diffuse radiation measurements and sunshine measurements.

3) However, even if the actual variance in TSI during that period was less than 4 Watts per square metre the fact is that various changes in temperature trend did occur and the shape of the chart would remain so on the basis of real world observations we must accept that the lower the range of TSI involved then the more sensitive the Earth is as a water based thermometer.

Knutti and Hegerl in the November, 2008 Natural Geoscience paper, The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth's temperature to radiation changes, says various observations favor a climate sensitivity value of about 3 degrees C, with a likely range of about 2 — 4.5 degrees C per the following graphic whereas the current IPCC uncertainty is range is between 1.5 - 4.5 degrees C.

When corrected, the range of likely warming based on surface temperature observations is in line with earlier estimates, despite the recent slowdown.

Moreover, the model - simulated rates of radiative damping are consistent with those obtained from satellite observations and are indicative of a strong positive correlation between temperature and water vapor variations over a broad range of spatiotemporal scales.