Sentences with phrase «ranged from vegetation»

Not exact matches

The simulations suggested that the indirect effects of increased CO2 on net primary productivity (how much carbon dioxide vegetation takes in during photosynthesis minus how much carbon dioxide the plants release during respiration) are large and variable, ranging from less than 10 per cent to more than 100 per cent of the size of direct effects.

«LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) imaging is a great tool for looking at these geographic factors because it gives us a view of the land from above without all of the vegetation in the way,» Stark said.

Factoring in slow feedbacks from ice and vegetation changes would generate a significantly higher ECS, likely in the 4 to 6 C (7.2 to 10.8 F) range, the paper notes.

The archipelago stretches over 1200 kilometres of ocean, so the climate ranges from near - Arctic to almost subtropical, with a corresponding range of vegetation — from tundra in the north to dense forest in the south.

They then compared how 10 different vegetation classes, ranging from grasses to trees, would likely respond in the Arctic under these different future warming scenarios.

The authors believe their findings can be used by land managers to predict likely outcomes related to forthcoming disturbances occurring as a result of grid development, and that protecting unaltered landscapes from fragmentation by transmission lines, roads, crested wheatgrass plantings and the invasion of other non-native vegetation is integral to stemming range expansion by ravens.

Technically referred to as high - diversity vegetation patches, they offer refuge to a range of beneficial insects, spiders, and birds that protect the neighboring rice from hungry pests.

Ice sheet albedo forcing is estimated to have caused a global mean forcing of about — 3.2 W m — 2 (based on a range of several LGM simulations) and radiative forcing from increased atmospheric aerosols (primarily dust and vegetation) is estimated to have been about — 1 W m — 2 each.

The course is situated on the east side of the Sandia Mountains, at elevations ranging from 6,500 to 7,000 feet, surrounded by the mountainous terrain and vegetation of the New Mexican high desert.

A surprising variety of vegetation grows on the island, ranging from coastal heath to subtropical rainforests.

Its vegetation varies from grass - woodland savannah to tropical forest, and the altitude ranges from sea level to 750 m above sea level at the highest peak on Komodo National Park.

Many beaches are protected by national parks and have scenic headlands and coastal dunes with vegetation that ranges from tropical to temperate.

Sand River Conservancy lies in the foothills of the Bontberg mountains, on the edge of the Tankwa Karoo, with vegetation ranging from mountain grasses to succulents.

Picture shallow waters in shades ranging from turquoise to azure, golden sandbanks freckled by the sun, and mangroves teeming with lush vegetation.

With habitats ranging from montane forest and cloud forest to lowland forest, this region features green slopes, cliffs, rivers, waterfalls and moderate vegetation and the towns of Chulumani and Coroico.

These types of crater lakes range in size from huge to tiny and are often surrounded by dense forest or vegetation that covers the inner crater walls down to the lake shore.

The latest developer diary titled «Behind Mulaka», the second in a three part series (you can watch part 1 here), details some of the rich indigenous culture and mythological beasts that appear in the game including the behemoth vegetation god Ganó, to the mantis - like race of the Seeló, Lienzo has adapted a wide range of creatures and deities for Mulaka, drawn directly from stories the Tarahumara.

Missions take place in ten different environments, with settings that range from a jungle planet thick with strange vegetation and dangerous creatures to an arid desert world spotted with the ancient ruins of forgotten civilizations.

Subjects included range from southern rural life to Harlem street scenes, Caribbean sites & vegetation to musical improvisations.

One of the aspects of the Savory grazing method, as I understand it from discussions with range management scientists, is intense grazing of individual pastures with the associated trampling of manure, vegetation and whatever else.

By process of elimination, there is net flow of CO2 into vegetation / land (with emissions from them being overall negative aside from fuel combustion), which is unsurprising in contexts ranging from a multitude of studies on co2science.org to how satellite - measured global net terrestrial primary production increased by several percent per decade during the period of global warming (Nemani et al. 2003, for instance).

Using simulation results from five GCMs and the full range of RCPs, we have characterized the range of terrestrial vegetation responses to future conditions across seven different global vegetation model formulations.

Impacts ranged from a strong increase to a severe loss of vegetation carbon (cv), depending on differences in climate projections, as well as the physiological response to rising [CO2].

Reservoir turnover times (a measure of how long the carbon stays in the reservoir) range from a few years for the atmosphere to decades to millennia for the major carbon reservoirs of the land vegetation and soil and the various domains in the ocean.

Moreover, models that strive to incorporate everything, from aerosols to vegetation and volcanoes to ocean currents, may look convincing, but the error range associated with each additional factor results in near - total uncertainty.

Antarctic vegetation in the MMCO implies a summer temperature of approximately 11 °C warmer than today [24] and annual sea surface temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 11.5 °C [25].

Snow - covered surfaces have a high albedo, the surface albedo of soils ranges from high to low, and vegetation - covered surfaces and oceans have a low albedo.

Further, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) defines land degradation as a reduction or loss in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas of the biological or economic productivity and complexity of rain - fed cropland, irrigated cropland, or range, pasture, forest and woodlands resulting from land uses or from a process or combination of processes, including those arising from human activities and habitation patterns, such as: (i) soil erosion caused by wind and / or water; (ii) deterioration of the physical, chemical, and biological or economic properties of soil; and (iii) long - term loss of natural vegetation.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification defines land degradation as a reduction or loss in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, of the biological or economic productivity and complexity of rain - fed cropland, irrigated cropland, or range, pasture, forest, and woodlands resulting from land uses or from a process or combination of processes, including processes arising from human activities and habitation patterns, such as (i) soil erosion caused by wind and / or water; (ii) deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological or economic properties of soil; and (iii) long - term loss of natural vegetation.

And in many urban centres, pavements represent the largest area of land cover (estimates range from 29 to 45 per cent) when compared with surfaces covered by roofs and vegetation.