Sentences with phrase «rat brain neurons»

From their observations of adding coconut oil to cultures with rat brain neurons they observed:

Not exact matches

Frankenrobot A robot, created at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom, that had a «brain» made of rat neurons placed on a multielectrode array.

This study was conducted in samples taken from rat brains, but sleep is thought to induce backward firing in human neurons, too.

Neuroscientist Henry Markram of the Brain Mind Institute at the École Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne, Switzerland, has spent the last 15 years painstakingly mapping cells from the living brains of rats so that he can create a neuron - by - neuron simulation of the bBrain Mind Institute at the École Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne, Switzerland, has spent the last 15 years painstakingly mapping cells from the living brains of rats so that he can create a neuron - by - neuron simulation of the brainbrain.

To explore the idea, he dissected the brains of rats, staining both ipRGCs and pain - signaling neurons to trace their paths.The ipRGCs connect to pain neurons in the thalamus, he found, suggesting that exposure to light could disturb pain - signaling neurons as well.

Such heteromeric NMDA receptor subtypes may exist in neurons, since NR1 messenger RNA is synthesized throughout the mature rat brain, while NR2 messenger RNA show a differential distribution.

When neuroscientists put electrodes into the periaqueductal gray region of rat brains and stimulated the neurons there, the creatures immediately started to run and jump uncontrollably.

The fear conditioning experiments, done with live rats, showed that individual neurons in the amygdala, the emotional hub of the brain, that were initially capable of telling apart safe from dangerous stimuli can start firing indiscriminately — causing the rat to become fearful of non-threatening stimuli.

It comprises an estimated 500 million neurons — about five times as many as in the brain of a rat — and is around 9 metres long, stretching from your oesophagus to your anus.

Data from electrodes implanted into their brains showed that neurons in the impaired rats fired less often in the presence of odors.

In l986 while running a lab at Georgia Tech, Kennedy learned that Canadian scientists were spurring neuron growth in rats» brains by adding bits of sciatic nerve.

When the scientists shined light on a rat's eye, or stimulated brain regions involved in vision, neurons in the implanted organoid fired.

The next step should take us in three years to a whole - brain model of a rat and a detailed molecular - level model of the interactions of the 200 million neurons in a rat's brain.

18 The stressed rats» brains showed shrunken neurons in the dorsomedial striatum (an area associated with goal - directed behavior) and growth in the dorsolateral striatum (related to habitual behavior).

Richard Rogers of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center at Louisiana State University and colleagues used a drug called fluorocitrate to knock out the function of certain astrocytes and neurons in the brains of rats, blocking the sensation of hunger.

Indeed, by examining brain tissue and slices from the cocaine - addicted rats at various stages of withdrawal and craving, Wolf and her colleagues discovered that the incubation period and the subsequent spike in craving appeared to correlate with the appearance of atypical AMPA receptors on the surface of neurons in the NAc, which could help explain cocaine craving.

This involves killing substantia nigra neurons on one side of the brains of rats, which then develop a movement imbalance that causes them to turn in circles, as well as exhibiting other symptoms.

Studying laboratory rats, Rutgers scientists found, however, that within a month after experimental brain injury, the number of new brain cells declined dramatically, below the numbers of new neurons that would have been detected if an injury had not occurred.

The researchers implanted stem cells from mouse embryos into the brains of rats and mice whose dopamine - producing neurons had been obliterated by a toxin.

Biochemical tests of the adult animals showed that THC - doused brains had the same number of receptors that responded to THC as unexposed rat brains, but more receptors for heroin and more of a compound associated with reward behavior in their neurons, the team reports online 5 July in Neuropsychopharmacology.

When researchers examined neurons in the brains of adult rats that had been exposed to alcohol when they were adolescents, they found far fewer dendritic spines, which resemble leggy mushrooms stemming from neurons to receive information.

In a study led by Duke Health and published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, scientists demonstrate in rats that a short duration of the drug donepezil can reverse both structural and genetic damage that bouts of alcohol use causes in neurons, or nerve cells, in the young brain.

In the 1960s, researchers showed that adult rats continually produce neurons in a brain region called the dentate gyrus, part of the hippocampus — an area that plays an important role in acquiring new memories.

Enikolopov now wants to extend the team's findings to fully fledged neurons from a rat's brain.

Now, a study in rats pinpoints the «tickle center» of the mammalian brain, showing for the first time that stimulating neurons in that region can elicit a paroxysm of ultrasonic squeaks, the rat version of human laughter.

The virtual world used in the study was very similar to virtual reality environments used by humans, and neurons in a rat's brain would be very hard to distinguish from neurons in the human brain, Mehta said.

To test whether the hippocampus could actually form spatial maps using only visual landmarks, Mehta's team devised a noninvasive virtual reality environment and studied how the hippocampal neurons in the brains of rats reacted in the virtual world without the ability to use smells and sounds as cues.

A scent's location on the map also predicts the brain activity caused by getting a whiff: previous research in a variety of animals such as fruit flies, honeybees, mice, rats and tadpoles showed that neighboring odors cause similar patterns of neuron activity.

Interestingly, these rats were still motivated to drink sugar water, indicating that the researchers had successfully targeted only alcohol - activated neurons, not the brain's overall reward system.

He improved the technique by culturing the stem cells with astrocytes, cells that guide the maturing neurons, that he had taken from the dopamine - producing region of the rat brain.

In rat models of non-dependent drinking, switching off the alcohol - linked neurons had little effect on future drinking — the brain just seemed to switch on a new group of neurons, as if the brain's path from alcohol to reward was not established yet.

In both humans and rats, these neurons make up only about five percent of the neurons in the brain's central amygdala.

In a 2014 study in rats, researchers at the University of California found that the neurons in a brain region associated with spatial learning behaved completely differently in virtual environments compared to in real ones, with more than half of the neurons shutting down while in VR.

Before toying with worms, the S.U.N.Y. Buffalo team tried out their technique on cultures of human embryonic kidney cells and neurons from a rat hippocampus, a part of the brain integral to memory.

Now researchers reporting in the Cell Press journal Neuron on July 18 show in a study conducted in rats that even a single exposure to nicotine temporarily changes how the brain's reward system responds to alcohol and increases the reinforcing properties of alcohol via stress hormones.

Smith builds miniature brains by growing live rat neurons on a stretchable membrane attached to a custom - built metal plate.

A team of Czech and German scientists working on the Zambian mole - rat found that a brain structure known as the superior colliculus (SC) contains neurons that respond to magnetic stimuli.

The team injected about 2000 mouse embryonic stem cells each into the brains of 25 rats who had previously had their dopamine - producing neurons damaged, which causes a characteristic tendency to move in circles.

Next, the group injected a toxin called 6 - hydroxydopamine, which preferentially kills neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine, into one side of the brains of adult rats.

After treating the IPS cells in a petri dish to set them on a path to mature into dopaminergic neurons, the cells were grafted into the dopamine - deficient hemispheres of the parkinsonian rats» brains.

The project uses data and software to simulate a small subset of a rat's brain, focusing on a collection of neurons known as a cortical column.

The George lab has made seminal contributions to the field including: discovering a novel population of neurons in the brain of humans, rats and mice that are involved in nicotine dependence, identifying neuronal ensembles responsible for nicotine and alcohol addiction, and unveiled the cellular and molecular changes associates with long term use of nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine and alcohol use on the brain.

In the rat, each column contains about 10,000 neurons and the rat brain has approximately 100,000 such columns.

In her rat studies, opsins in their brains cause certain neurons to fire only in response to blue light.

Catecholaminergic neurons containing GABA - like and / or glutamic acid decarboxylase - like immunoreactivities in various brain regions of the rat

Turning off alcohol - linked neurons in the rats» brains was found to reverse alcohol dependence in the animals.

In rats and humans, these neurons make up about 5 percent of the brain cells in the central amygdala, the region of the brain involved with emotions.

«Deficient neuron - microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior» Y. Zhan, R.C. Paolicelli, F. Sforazzini, L. Weinhard, G. Bolasco, F. Pagani, A. L. Vyssotski, A. Bifone, A. Gozzi, D. Ragozzino, C.T. Gross Nature Neuroscience 17 (3), 400-4006 (2014) «USPIO - loaded Red Blood Cells as a biomimetic MR contrast agent: a relaxometric study» A. Boni, D. Ceratti, A. Antonelli, C. Sfara, M. Magnani, E. Manuali, S. Salamida, A. Gozzi, and A. Bifone Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging 9, 229 - 236 (2014) «Distributed BOLD and CBV - weighted resting - state networks in the mouse brain» F. Sforazzini, A.J. Schwarz, A. Galbusera, A. Bifone, and A. Gozzi NeuroImage 87, 403 - 415 (2014) «Antimicrobial peptides design by evolutionary multiobject optimization» G. Maccari, M. Di Luca, R. Nifosì, F. Caldarelli, G. Signore, C. Boccardi, and A. Bifone PloS Computational Biology 9 (9): e1003212 (2013) «Differential effect of orexin - 1 and crf - 1 antagonism on stress circuits: a fMRI study in the rat with the pharmacological stressor yohimbine» A. Gozzi, S: Lepore, E: Merlo Pich, and A. Bifone Neuropsychopharmacology 38 (11): 2120 - 2130 (2013) «Water dispersal and functionalization of hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles with lipid - modified poly (amidoamine) dendrimers» A. Boni, L. Albertazzi, C. Innocenti, M. Gemmi, and A. Bifone.

Following this, they demonstrated that neural progenitors from embryonic stem cells could differentiate themselves into neurons in rat brains presenting lesions similar to those observed in humans.

New neurons successfully integrated into the rat brain and generally behave very well.