Sentences with phrase «rate of background radiation»

Not exact matches

Researchers used supernovas, cosmic microwave background radiation and patterns of galaxy clusters to measure the Hubble constant — the rate at which the universe expands — but their results were mismatched, Emily Conover reported in «Debate persists on cosmic expansion» (SN: 8/6/16, p. 10).

But calculations of the amount of ionized hydrogen in intergalactic space depend on the ionization rate for the background radiation, and a lower ionization rate would mean less ionized hydrogen.

They set out to assess the rate at which plant material decomposed as a function of background radiation, placing hundreds of samples of uncontaminated leaf litter (pine needles and oak, maple and birch leaves) in mesh bags throughout the area.

I believe that if in the vacuum of space you place a blackbody object with (a) a constant (i.e., unchanging energy per unit time) internal thermal energy source, and (b) internal / surface thermal conduction properties such that independent of how energy enters the blackbody, the surface temperature of the blackbody is everywhere the same and you place that object in cold space (no background thermal radiation of any kind), eventually the object will come to a steady state condition — i.e., the object will eventually radiate energy to space at a rate equal to the rate of energy produced by the internal energy source.