An alternative but similar statistic is to calculate the relative benefit increase (RBI) which is the proportional increase in
rates of a good outcome between the experimental and control patients in the trial.
Not exact matches
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such forward - looking statements and that should be considered in evaluating our outlook include, but are not limited to, the following: 1) our ability to continue to grow our business and execute our growth strategy, including the timing, execution, and profitability
of new and maturing programs; 2) our ability to perform our obligations under our new and maturing commercial, business aircraft, and military development programs, and the related recurring production; 3) our ability to accurately estimate and manage performance, cost, and revenue under our contracts, including our ability to achieve certain cost reductions with respect to the B787 program; 4) margin pressures and the potential for additional forward losses on new and maturing programs; 5) our ability to accommodate, and the cost
of accommodating, announced increases in the build
rates of certain aircraft; 6) the effect on aircraft demand and build
rates of changing customer preferences for business aircraft, including the effect
of global economic conditions on the business aircraft market and expanding conflicts or political unrest in the Middle East or Asia; 7) customer cancellations or deferrals as a result
of global economic uncertainty or otherwise; 8) the effect
of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which we operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange
rates; 9) the success and timely execution
of key milestones such as the receipt
of necessary regulatory approvals, including our ability to obtain in a timely fashion any required regulatory or other third party approvals for the consummation
of our announced acquisition
of Asco, and customer adherence to their announced schedules; 10) our ability to successfully negotiate, or re-negotiate, future pricing under our supply agreements with Boeing and our other customers; 11) our ability to enter into profitable supply arrangements with additional customers; 12) the ability
of all parties to satisfy their performance requirements under existing supply contracts with our two major customers, Boeing and Airbus, and other customers, and the risk
of nonpayment by such customers; 13) any adverse impact on Boeing's and Airbus» production
of aircraft resulting from cancellations, deferrals, or reduced orders by their customers or from labor disputes, domestic or international hostilities, or acts
of terrorism; 14) any adverse impact on the demand for air travel or our operations from the outbreak
of diseases or epidemic or pandemic outbreaks; 15) our ability to avoid or recover from cyber-based or other security attacks, information technology failures, or other disruptions; 16) returns on pension plan assets and the impact
of future discount
rate changes on pension obligations; 17) our ability to borrow additional funds or refinance debt, including our ability to obtain the debt to finance the purchase price for our announced acquisition
of Asco on favorable terms or at all; 18) competition from commercial aerospace original equipment manufacturers and other aerostructures suppliers; 19) the effect
of governmental laws, such as U.S. export control laws and U.S. and foreign anti-bribery laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, and environmental laws and agency regulations, both in the U.S. and abroad; 20) the effect
of changes in tax law, such as the effect
of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the «TCJA») that was enacted on December 22, 2017, and changes to the interpretations
of or guidance related thereto, and the Company's ability to accurately calculate and estimate the effect
of such changes; 21) any reduction in our credit
ratings; 22) our dependence on our suppliers, as
well as the cost and availability
of raw materials and purchased components; 23) our ability to recruit and retain a critical mass
of highly - skilled employees and our relationships with the unions representing many
of our employees; 24) spending by the U.S. and other governments on defense; 25) the possibility that our cash flows and our credit facility may not be adequate for our additional capital needs or for payment
of interest on, and principal
of, our indebtedness; 26) our exposure under our revolving credit facility to higher interest payments should interest
rates increase substantially; 27) the effectiveness
of any interest
rate hedging programs; 28) the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting; 29) the
outcome or impact
of ongoing or future litigation, claims, and regulatory actions; 30) exposure to potential product liability and warranty claims; 31) our ability to effectively assess, manage and integrate acquisitions that we pursue, including our ability to successfully integrate the Asco business and generate synergies and other cost savings; 32) our ability to consummate our announced acquisition
of Asco in a timely matter while avoiding any unexpected costs, charges, expenses, adverse changes to business relationships and other business disruptions for ourselves and Asco as a result
of the acquisition; 33) our ability to continue selling certain receivables through our supplier financing program; 34) the risks
of doing business internationally, including fluctuations in foreign current exchange
rates, impositions
of tariffs or embargoes, compliance with foreign laws, and domestic and foreign government policies; and 35) our ability to complete the proposed accelerated stock repurchase plan, among other things.
«With this process taking close to two years to come to a conclusion, we think the final
outcome and the structure
of the transaction were
well anticipated,» said Jain, who has a hold
rating on Walgreens.
«I very much doubt that that the
outcome for anyone with a reasonably
well - constructed portfolio will be determined by the next interest
rate hike,» said David Mendels, director
of planning at Creative Financial Concepts in New York.
As Dan Mangan reports for CNBC, «despite spending
well in excess
of the
rate of any other
of those countries in 2013, the United States achieved worse
outcomes when it comes to
rates of chronic conditions, obesity and infant mortality.»
The
best outcome would be a mild equity correction or bear market that coincided with a stable or falling
rate of inflation.
Only a few years ago, unemployment
rates like this would have been seen as a
good outcome in strong times, let alone in times
of economic weakness.
We will expect the figures to have an influence on the EUR, with any hint
of a pickup in inflation and stable economic growth through the 1st quarter the
best outcome for the EUR and those looking for Draghi to begin shifting on policy towards interest
rates.
When you have an event
of 5 in 1000, an extra 1 is a 16 % increase, while those 15
good outcomes improve the
rate from all
of 5/1000 to 4.92 / 1000, or a change
of less than 1 %.
But, as University
of Chicago professor James Heckman discovered in 2001, going over Perry Pre-School Project (Ypsilanti, Mich.) student success
rates, certain character traits and social behaviours were a much
better predictor
of improved life
outcomes.
Regulating it, using
better trained practitioners and proper guidelines for risking - out and transfer definitely would reduce the
rate of adverse
outcomes.
Researchers reported high overall perinatal mortality in a study
of home birth in Australia, 35 qualifying that low risk home births in Australia had
good outcomes but that high risk births gave rise to a high
rate of avoidable death at home.36 Two prospective studies in North America found positive
outcomes for home birth, 23 24 but the studies were not
of sufficient size to provide relatively stable perinatal death
rates.
Don't forget about the 2005 study that compared
outcomes of CPM attended births and hospital births, where the results showed similar IP and neonatal death
rates for both, but CPM attended births fared
better in other categories.
When this 20 % risk
of death is compared to the 0.02 %
rate of cord prolapse during labor at homebirth that might have a
better outcome if it happened in hospital, this means that a low risk woman has a 1000 times higher chance
of having a life threatening complication either to her life or her fetus / newborns life at planned hospital birth, than if she plans to have an attended homebirth with a
well - trained practitioner.
Though certain interventions targeting black families have positively affected breastfeeding
outcomes, additional research is needed to
better understand the underlying factors contributing to the widespread persistence
of the gap in breastfeeding
rates by race (6,8).
Participating children had higher
rates of high - school completion, lower
rates of grade retention and special education placement, and a lower
rate of juvenile arrests.32 Another example showing more intensive programming has larger impacts is the Healthy Steps evaluation showing significantly
better child language
outcomes when the program was initiated prenatally through 24 months.33 These studies suggest that a more intensive intervention involving the child directly may be required for larger effects to be seen.
(
Of course, they also need to consider the infant mortality, bad
outcomes and hospital transfer
rates as
well).
The Infant Mortality CoIIN and its participating teams strive to reduce infant mortality in areas with high annual
rates of, as
well as disparities in, infant mortality and related perinatal
outcomes.
Data comparing the
rates of VBAC, as
well as maternal and neonatal
outcomes, after TOLAC to those after planned repeat cesarean delivery can help guide obstetricians or other obstetric care providers and patients when deciding how to approach delivery in women with a prior cesarean delivery.
One research summary found that after reviewing all available studies regarding the
outcomes of using IBCLCs, mothers who had higher breastfeeding initiation
rates, a longer duration
of exclusive breastfeeding, a longer duration
of any breastfeeding, higher breastfeeding
rates for all infant age groups, AND
better maternal and infant health
outcomes as compared to those who didn't seek out IBCLC support (5).
Since the three main Westminster political parties all endorse the conclusions
of Sir Ian Wood's recent review on how to maximise the economic recovery
of oil and gas from the UK Continental Shelf (Search for UKCS Maximising Recovery Review Final Report, here), and its tacit underlying fiscal premises (namely that there is a need for a simplified fiscal regime to incentivise investment and drilling activity, as
well as to ease the burden upon the new regulator
of the upstream sector), it does not take the gift
of prophecy to appreciate that the ultimate
outcome of this subsequent review on the shape
of the UK fiscal regime seems foreordained; namely, a return to the situation that prevailed before the introduction
of SC, whereby the only levy on income from oil and gas fields is to be Corporation Income Tax at the standard
rate levied on the likes
of Starbucks and Amazon.
In a report
of their findings, published in the December issue
of the American Journal
of Public Health, the researchers say the program was designed to prevent suffering at a time when adolescent depression
rates are on the rise and many believe awareness, early recognition and effective therapies can lead to
better outcomes.
Within this framework, birthweight becomes a useful metric to track because
of its link to short - term
outcomes, such as one - year mortality
rates, as
well as long - term
outcomes such as educational attainment and earnings, McCoy said.
A 2012 ProPublica investigation
of more than 700,000 injection
wells across the country found that
wells were often poorly regulated and experienced high
rates of failure,
outcomes that were likely polluting underground water supplies that are supposed to be protected by federal law.
While late - term gestation was associated with an increase in the
rate of abnormal conditions at birth and with worse physical
outcomes during childhood, it was also associated with
better performance on all three measures
of school - based cognitive functioning measures during childhood,» the study concludes.
If we can reduce these risk factors, and perhaps reduce the
rate of post-natal mood disorders in mothers and negative health
outcomes in their offspring, then that can only be a
good thing.»
Women over the age
of 65 face numerous barriers to
good health: an increased risk for obesity, greater struggles against poverty and higher
rates of asthma with worse health
outcomes.
«All patients
of all races do
better at the trauma centers treating white majority populations, so this research tells us we need to direct attention to hospitals with higher mortality
rates to help them improve their
outcomes, or we won't ever be able to turn this around.»
These new surgical techniques, along with improved postoperative care, are resulting in
better long - term
outcomes and lower
rates of complications, according to an article published online today in The Annals
of Thoracic Surgery.
No Association Between Response
Rates and Survival in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Results
of a recent meta - regression analysis
of 63 randomized clinical trials out
of Greece concluded that there was no association between conventional response
outcomes, such as complete response (CR) or very
good partial response (VGPR), and overall (OS) or progression - free survival (PFS) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in populations
of patients who received stem cell transplant and those who did not.
It is
best to push the body at a similar
rate of the desired
outcome.
Rates of most unfavorable
outcomes were greatest within the first 28 days
of antidepressant use as
well as in the last 28 days.
After six months, nearly 90 per cent
of women
rated the
outcome of their cosmetic surgeries as «
good» or «very
good».
We find that students, on average, experience
better outcomes when they are in a grade cohort that puts its school at risk
of receiving a Low - Performing
rating.
Confidence in gross findings can be developed by replication, by averaging results over several time periods, and by using several measures
of the development
of human capital — not tests alone, but also attendance
rates, dropout
rates, and promotion
rates (a very high - quality assessment will track indicators
of human capital such as post-secondary school earnings and higher - education
outcomes as
well).
Graduates may also enjoy lower
rates of poverty,
better health
outcomes, be less likely to engage with the criminal justice system, and report higher levels
of personal happiness.
Another study examined kindergarten teachers»
ratings of their student's prosocial skills (e.g. kindness, sharing, and empathy) and discovered a strong correlation to adult
outcomes such as higher educational attainment, stronger employment, and
better mental health, in addition to reduced criminal activity and substance use (Jones, Greenberg, & Crowley, 2015).
Performance
ratings would be based on
outcomes (such as graduation
rates and graduates» earnings) as
well as on access (e.g., the proportion
of the student body receiving Pell Grants) and affordability (tuition net
of scholarship aid).
Results show that kindergarten teachers»
ratings of children's prosocial skills, such as kindness, sharing, and empathy, predicted adult
outcomes such as higher educational attainment, stronger employment, and
better mental health, in addition to reduced criminal activity and substance use.
To the contrary, rural students consistently do less
well in college on a variety
of outcomes (readiness for credit - bearing courses, grades,
rate of progress, graduation) than urban students from similar income groups.
The
best predictors
of these
outcomes were the players»
ratings of the game's usability and satisfaction with the game.
Research has consistently demonstrated that low - income students who attend smaller high schools have
better academic
outcomes in terms
of achievement, graduation
rates, and discipline issues than their peers in larger schools.
Students who graduate college have, on average, significantly
better health
outcomes with lower
rates of obesity and heavy drinking.
An emerging body
of research examining the design and implementation
of QRIS standards finds mixed evidence linking QRIS
rating levels to child outcomes, and the degree to which a QRIS is well implemented appears to be a critical factor in achieving positive outcomes.Gretchen Kirby et al., «What Do Quality Rating Levels
rating levels to child
outcomes, and the degree to which a QRIS is
well implemented appears to be a critical factor in achieving positive
outcomes.Gretchen Kirby et al., «What Do Quality
Rating Levels
Rating Levels Mean?
Topics include the use
of disciplinary procedures such as Positive Behavior Intervention and Support and Restorative Justice as effective ways in reducing suspension
rates, the impact
of high suspension
rates in the capacity
of schools to attain
better academic
outcomes, and the high suspension
rate of students suffering learning and emotional disabilities.
But if comparable
outcomes are the only measure used to drive grade boundaries we would be by definition, consigning the nation as a whole to pass
rates designed to discourage, to tell a significant percentage
of the population, year after year, they are not
good enough irrespective
of what they've learned in absolute terms.
The administration and the House Appropriations Committee also proposed elimination or severe cuts, respectively, to the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program.45 Currently funded with more than $ 1 billion, this program provides enrichment opportunities in safe environments to more than 1.6 million students per year, 46 70 percent
of whom are students
of color.47 Much
of this funding supports after - school programs, but 21st CCLC also funds before - school and summer programs.48 Research indicates that participation in 21st CCLC is linked to
better attitudes toward school, higher
rates of school attendance, fewer suspensions, and
better performance in school, among other
outcomes.49 In addition, many
of these programs provide students with snacks or meals.50
During middle school, for example, students from elementary schools that had implemented the Developmental Studies Center's Child Development Project — a program that emphasizes community building — were found to outperform middle school students from comparison elementary schools on academic
outcomes (higher grade - point averages and achievement test scores), teacher
ratings of behavior (
better academic engagement, respectful behavior, and social skills), and self - reported misbehavior (less misconduct in school and fewer delinquent acts)(Battistich, 2001).
Yet a number
of the ways in which many (admittedly privileged) independent schools achieve their impressive learning
outcomes - such as high standardized - test scores, strong graduation
rates, and distinguished college admissions - are actually
well within reach
of public schools.
However, comprehensives studies show Consortium Schools have higher graduation
rates,
better college attendance
rates, and smaller gaps in
outcomes between students
of color and their white peers than the rest
of New York's public schools.