The temperature of the whole engine will
reach equilibrium far faster than any one part of the engine will cool down.
Not exact matches
That signaled that the water and minerals in the surrounding sandstone had
reached a chemical
equilibrium with the injected seawater
far more quickly than anticipated — in two years rather than a century.
This particular herbal blend, designed to amplify one's feminine energy, also boasts a
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The first rate seems to be
far slower because there are no winds in the stratosphere so that
equilibrium can only be
reached by diffusion of heat which is really slow; on the other hand we are pumpimg around 1.5 ppm of CO2 into the troposphere every year, over a base value of around 380 ppm.
At the end of a climatic shift, the temperature setup of the entire planet will have changed — so
far until a new
equilibrium energy budget is
reached.
The ocean surface layer is what directly matters, that contains somewhat more CO2 than the atmosphere (1,000 GtC vs. 800 GtC), but the chemical reactions in the ocean water push the
equilibrium back, so that ultimately the surface water - air
equilibrium is
reached with a 1:9 partitioning between water and air, reverse and
far away from the 50:1.
If the increase
reaches 8 μatm (~ ppmv), the
equilibrium is restored and no
further increase of CO2 will happen.
Only a 500m base of thermocline depth is needed per Lindzen and Giannitsis's 1998 GRL paper «On the climatic implications of volcanic cooling», which would shorten the period until 90 % of
equilibrium response was
reached even
further.
Transient response is the rise in 20 - year climate during the 70 years while CO2 is changing, while total response is that plus the eventual
further rise in temperature thereafter, namely when
equilibrium is once again
reached, with no
further changes to CO2 (since ECS is defined only for a doubling).
The earth / sun system is never in perfect
equilibrium but it will always seek to attain
equilibrium and the
farther out of
equilibrium the harder it tries to
reach equilibrium.
But then I read IPCC
FAR WG1 s. 1.2.1, which includes this stunning nugget: [quote -RCB- The concentration [of CO2 following a pulse] will actually never return to its original value, but
reach a new
equilibrium level, about 15 percent of the total amount of CO2 emitted will remain in the atmosphere.
The long (30 years) trend of conventional ground / city based land data is so warm that the gaps / peaks never
reaches back to
equilibrium, in fact they go
further and
further from
equilibrium which at some point is difficult to explain thermodynamically.