Sentences with phrase «reach equilibrium in»
By comparing their rates of speciation and extinction, McGuire's team calculated that the number of hummingbird species could double before reaching an equilibrium in the next several million years.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/ Not exact matches
And if we've learned anything over the last few years, it's that expected returns do not equal realized returns, and expensive markets don't have to crash in order to reach some sort of equilibrium.
Of course, that final line — that there is a new, higher «equilibrium valuation of equities» — is surely to remind some market historians of Irving Fisher's famous line that stocks had reach a new «permanently high plateau» on the eve of the 1929 stock market crash which ushered in the Great Depression.
But I'm of the school that says, if that is proven — and it is, I think, a little bit in the marketplace — if it is proven to be the case, then people will bid up the prices of value stocks and bid down the prices of growth stocks until they reach an equilibrium and then future returns will be the same.
A permanent state has been reached in which no macroscopically observable events occur, a state which the physicist speaks of as thermodynamical equilibrium or «maximum entropy.»
My own experience in parenting supports some of this, but I believe that if the family wants to, they can reach equilibrium quickly after breastfeeding has terminated.
Now... one could argue that in the LONG RUN, if we lived in a world where markets really WERE competitive, the shifting demand for clothes produced in China would cause Chinese workers wages to rise and U.S. workers wages to fall until some kind of equilibrium is reached.
That signaled that the water and minerals in the surrounding sandstone had reached a chemical equilibrium with the injected seawater far more quickly than anticipated — in two years rather than a century.
An object reaches the stationary levitated state when all the forces acting on it are in equilibrium.
It represents the warming at the earth's surface that is expected after the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere doubles and the climate subsequently stabilizes (reaches equilibrium).
At the same time, a built - in potential that opposes ion diffusion is established until equilibrium is reached.
«In mutualism, we see that first, the abundances of each species become equal, 50 - 50, and then the overall size of the populations reach equilibrium, whereas in the competitive regime it's the other way around,» Gore explainIn mutualism, we see that first, the abundances of each species become equal, 50 - 50, and then the overall size of the populations reach equilibrium, whereas in the competitive regime it's the other way around,» Gore explainin the competitive regime it's the other way around,» Gore explains.
«What we expect in the long run is that the ash and the fungi will reach equilibrium — a kind of armed stand - off, and the fungus will merge into the background as a parasite of only moderate importance,» said Professor Brown.
The idea of climate inertia is that when you increase the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere it takes the climate system a good deal of time for all its components to fully adjust and reach a new equilibrium temperature.
A new option is to continuously flow groundwater through the column until a balance or equilibrium is reached between the radionuclides in the sample and on the beads.
After warming stops, an equilibrium will be reached in which the frequency of water molecules entering the atmosphere from the liquid will equal the frequencey of molecules entering the liquid from the atmosphere resulting in an equilibrium of transfer of water molecules and (if atmosphere and liquid are the same temperature) of energy transfers.
At the center of the Sun, where its density reaches up to 150,000 kg / m3 (150 times the density of water on Earth), thermonuclear reactions (nuclear fusion) convert hydrogen into helium, releasing the energy that keeps the Sun in a state of equilibrium.
In 2009 Villani and French mathematician Clément Mouhot proved Soviet physicist Lev Landau's conjecture that plasma reaches equilibrium without increasing its entropy.
This means that in an attempt to reach equilibrium, your body can try too hard and overcompensate, which can cause hot flashes and night sweats.
While I still haven't entirely renounced my beloved collection of stilettos, these days in my fifth month of pregnancy when my balance and equilibrium are a bit off (a common side effect of adjusting to a growing mid-section) you will most likely catch me reaching for midi - heels, kitten heels or chunky block heels during the work week.
It would appear the books market has reached an equilibrium of sorts, with about one in three books being a digital one, and the rest being physical books.
When the market is not priced correctly knowledgeable investors will quickly come in and either buy or sell to the point where the market reaches equilibrium.
Through supply and demand market forces, equilibrium prices are reached in an orderly and equitable manner within the exchanges, and world economies, and you, benefit tremendously from futures trading.
Swim beneath rainbows in the pools created by the majestic Angel Falls, and feel your soul reach its equilibrium as you gaze up at the world's tallest waterfall in Venezuela.
During the period of time after an equilibrium begins to change due to a change in a forcing (huge fast CO2 release for example), the planet is not in equilibrium; it is changing until the new equilibrium is reached.
Presumably pretty the same atm / ocn equilibrium would be reached regardless of whether the CO2 started out in the ocean or the atmosphere.
Eventually a new equilibrium is reached: the warming trend stops — energy in and energy out balance.
The standard assumption has been that, while heat is transferred rapidly into a relatively thin, well - mixed surface layer of the ocean (averaging about 70 m in depth), the transfer into the deeper waters is so slow that the atmospheric temperature reaches effective equilibrium with the mixed layer in a decade or so.
The conclusion I reached in 1975 was «punctuated equilibrium».
And in the long term, human emissions would have to drop to ZERO in order to stabilize concentrations, because the deep ocean will eventually reach equilibrium with the surface layers.
Heated water from such events rises vertically and mixes with ambient waters much like a smoke stack in winter until they reach equilibrium density with surrounding water masses at which they spread out horizontally.
Since the energy emitted goes like T ^ 4 power, the earth thus emits less energy back into space, which is why it has to warm (until it reaches a temperature when the earth is again emitting as much energy back out into space as it receives from the sun and so is back in equilibrium).
The problems with associating sensitivity with a temperature in 2100 are twofold: first, at the time we reach CO2 doubling, the temperature will lag behind the equilibrium value due to thermal inertia, especially in the ocean (thought experiment — doubling CO2 today will not cause an instant 3C jump in temperatures, any more than turning your oven on heats it instantly to 450F), and secondly, the CO2 level we are at in 2100 depends on what we do between now and then anyway, and it may more than double, or not.
(The actual equilibrium takes on the order of a few thousand years, the mixing time of the oceans, to reach... But that's at constant temperature... So if the oceans warm significantly, then we lock in a new equilibrium, at higher atmospheric CO2 for much longer timescales.)
The approximately 20 - year lag (between atmospheric CO2 concentration change and reaching equilibrium temperature) is an emerging property (just like sensitivity) of the global climate system in the GCM models used in the paper I linked to above, if I understood it correctly.
With a GHG increase, say doubling of CO2, upon reaching equilibrium there will be a surface temperature increase by dTs, and a change in the stratospheric temperature by an amount dTt.
Now, should the reduced concentration persist, more energy will continue to accumulate in the system until a new, higher equilibrium temperature is reached (the equilibrium response).
The upper atmosphere has a small heat capacity and reaches equilibrium temperature in considerably under a year; this feeds back on the forcing of the trosphere + surface, which are generally convectively coupled with the ocean (strongly with the upper ocean) and take a number of years to reach equilibrium.
Not only do you («you» as in Victor and not the general you, because I presume there are people who actually model these things and may know the answer) not know how large the equilibrium response would be, but you don't know if the boundary proposed by your argument (cognate to the equilibrium response) had been reached over that period.
What could hypothetically happen if a very large change in GHG amount / type is made, is that the forcing could increase beyond a point where it becomes saturated at the tropopause level at all wavelengths — what can happen then is that the equilibrium climate sensitivity to the nearly zero forcing from additional GHGs may approach infinity, because in equilibrium the tropopause has to shift upward enough to reach a level where there can be some net LW flux up through it.
Actually to reach a new, higher equilibrium temperature, the Earth surface (including oceans) must warm and thus the radiative budget MUST be unbalanced, less radiation must be emitted in space compared to the (unchanged) incoming solar radiation.
Once the ice reaches the equator, the equilibrium climate is significantly colder than what would initiate melting at the equator, but if CO2 from geologic emissions build up (they would, but very slowly — geochemical processes provide a negative feedback by changing atmospheric CO2 in response to climate changes, but this is generally very slow, and thus can not prevent faster changes from faster external forcings) enough, it can initiate melting — what happens then is a runaway in the opposite direction (until the ice is completely gone — the extreme warmth and CO2 amount at that point, combined with left - over glacial debris available for chemical weathering, will draw CO2 out of the atmosphere, possibly allowing some ice to return).
(it would be very tiny since a million molecules have to move faster to compensate for 390 extra absorptions) If this is true then there is no delay time in reaching equilibrium & the daily temp cycles don't have to do much at all to restablish it.
The first rate seems to be far slower because there are no winds in the stratosphere so that equilibrium can only be reached by diffusion of heat which is really slow; on the other hand we are pumpimg around 1.5 ppm of CO2 into the troposphere every year, over a base value of around 380 ppm.
As long as there is an increase in the GHG induced air temp there will be an increase in convection / conduction as feedback, UNTIL they reach equilibrium, at the original temperature.
We can now argue about whether the GH warming has reached «equilibrium» over the past 150 years or whether there is still some GH warming «hidden in the pipeline», but IMO that is like arguing about how many angels can dance on the head of a pin.
In models, the ocean heat uptake is not quite well represented in transient simulations while in long term simulations (assuming that model reaches equilibrium), ocean heat uptake may be well representeIn models, the ocean heat uptake is not quite well represented in transient simulations while in long term simulations (assuming that model reaches equilibrium), ocean heat uptake may be well representein transient simulations while in long term simulations (assuming that model reaches equilibrium), ocean heat uptake may be well representein long term simulations (assuming that model reaches equilibrium), ocean heat uptake may be well represented.
The point you missed, I believe, is that in the absence of a conducting mechanism (ala heat pump) the sum flow of energy will be from a warm body to a cold body, until equilibrium is reached.
Once thermal equilibrium has been reached between surface and atmosphere the surface will have become warm enough to both cycle energy between the surface and the atmosphere in perpetuity via conduction and convection AND have enough warmth left over to emit energy from the top of the atmosphere as fast as new energy comes in from the sun.
Based on the ice core dCO2 / dT relationship, the increase in temperature since the LIA has added not more than 6 ppmv to the atmosphere to reach a new equilibrium.